1850 Census - this census occurred right after his father died. William is listed as head of household, and his wife and children are listed first - then his widowed mother and his siblings.
Name: William Gideon
Age: 34
Estimated birth year: abt 1816
Birth Place: Georgia
Gender: Male
Home in 1850(City,County,State): Pope, Arkansas
Family Number: 545
Household Members:
Name Age
William Gideon 34
Lucinda Gideon 30
John C Gideon 10
Sarah E Gideon 13
William N Gideon 6
James J Gideon 3
George H Gideon 2
Susan Gideon 50 (mother)
John Gideon 20 (brother)
Jane Gideon 23 (sister)
Malissa Gideon 17 (sister)

1860 Census
Name: William Gideon
Age in 1860: 44
Birth Year: abt 1816
Birthplace: Georgia
Home in 1860: Gum Log, Pope, Arkansas
Gender: Male
Household Members:
Name Age
William Gideon 44
Geo N Gideon 11
Thomas Gideon 9
Leroy Gideon 7
Josephine Gideon 5
Dow Gideon 3
Nancy A Gideon 1
William Ashmore 16
Sarah K Hall 15
Joanna Ashmore 9
Lucinda Gideon 43
John C Gideon 20
William James, Sarah Elizabeth (Ashmore) Hall, and Joanna Ashmore were three of the children of James Joshua and Ardena Mahala (Matthews) Ashmore, who had died in 1856 and 1858, respectively. Lucinda (Matthews) Gideon was their great grand aunt. It is possible that Sarah was either widowed (she married William Hall in 1859) and pregnant, or he was away fighting in the Civil War and was not present for this census. Joanna Ashmore later married George Henry Gideon.

1870 Census
Name: William Gideon
Estimated birth year: abt 1816
Age in 1870: 54
Birthplace: Georgia
Home in 1870: Gum Log, Pope, Arkansas
Race: White
Gender: Male
Post Office: Dover
Household Members:
Name Age
William Gideon 54
Lucinda Gideon 51
Thomas J Gideon 19
Leroy Gideon 17
Josephine Gideon 15
Lorenzo D Gideon 14
Arbel Gideon 11
Granville Gideon 10
Robert M Gideon 7
Harriet A Gideon 4

• Married: 16 Mar 1837 in Hawkins Co., TN

1. Sarah Elizabeth Gideon b: 16 Jan 1837 in Tennessee
2. John C Gideon b: Mar 1840 in Pope Co., AR
3. Susan Jane Gideon b: 17 Mar 1842 in Pope Co., AR
4. William N Gideon b: 20 Feb 1844 in Pope Co., AR
5. James J Gideon b: 8 Nov 1846 in Pope Co., AR
6. George Henry Gideon b: 18 Feb 1849 in Pope Co., AR
7. Thomas Jefferson Gideon b: 1851 in Pope Co., AR
8. Leroy Gideon b: 1853 in Pope Co., AR
9. Mary Josephine Gideon b: 1855 in Pope Co., AR
10. Lorenzo Dow Gideon b: 1857 in Pope Co., AR
11. Granville Jerome Gideon b: 1860 in Pope Co., AR
12. Robert Mason Gideon b: Jul 1863 in Pope Co., AR
13. Nancy Arabella Gideon b: 5 Nov 1858 in Pope Co., AR
14. Harriet Ann Gideon b: 1866 in Pope Co., AR