Name: Louis I, Emporer KING OF FRANCE Occupation: Emperor o f the Holy Roman Empire Note:

Louis I., the Debonaire or the Pious or the Gentle, King o f France (Aquitaine) and Holy Roman Emperor from 813 to 840 , was born at Casseneuil in 778. He succeeded his father Ja nuary 28, 814 and three years later yielded to the wishes o f his sons and gave each of them a share of the dominions , which caused complications he was incapable of managing , and which resulted in the dissolution of the Empire. He d ied at Ingelheim June 20, 840, and was bur> ied at Metz. H e married (1) Ermengarde of Hasbania, daughter of Ingram, C ount of Hasbania. She was born circa 778 and died October 3 , 818. They had children as follows: 1. Lothaire (Lothar I. ), Earl of Germany. 2. Pippin (Pepin) I., King of the Aquit anians (817-838), died in 838, married Ingeltrudis, and the y were parents of Pippin II., King of the Aquitanians (838- 848, died 864). 3. Louis the German, King of the East Frank s (817-876). He is also recorded as the Kingof Bavaria an d Germany, 840-876. He married Emma. They had the followin g children: 1. Carloman, King of Bavaria (876-880), fathe r of Arnule, Emperor, 896, and grandfather of Louis the Chi ld, King of Germany, 899-911. 2. Louis the Younger, King o f the East Franks (Saxony), 876-882. 1.Charles the Fat, Kin g of Provence (876-887), Emperor of Germany, 876, King of t he West Franks (France),884,deposed in 887. 4. Hildebrant e (Liegrade) of Neustria, born circa 887, died after Marc h 93> 1. She married Herbert II, Count of Vermandois, bor n 880/890, died February 23, 943. They had a son, Robert d e Vermandois, born 920, died August 967, who married Adelai de Challons, born circa 920, die> d after 967. This line co ntinues through Adelaide de Vermandois, Hermengarde of Anjo u, Judith of Rennes (Brittany), who married Richard II ("th e Good") of Normandy, grandfatherof William the Conqueror . Louis I. married (2) Judith, daughter of Guelph (Gelf), C ount of Andech and Bavaria, and his wife, Edith of Saxony . From this marriage there were at least two children:1. Gi sela> .2. Charles II., the Bald. (source: The Frankish King s to Charlemagne). Sex: M Birth: 778 in Casseneuil, Franc e Death: 20 JUN 840 in Near Ingelhein, Rhinehessen, Hesse C hristening:

Father: Charlemagne, Emporer of the West b: 2 APR 742 in Ai x La Chapelle, Austrasia Mother: *Hildegarde EMPRESS b: 75 7 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia

Marriage 1 Judith Princess Of Bavaria b: 800 in Bavaria Chi ldren Charles II (the Bald) HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR b: 13 JUN 8 23 in Frankfurt,Hessen-Nassau,Prussia Gisele, Daughter o f King Louis I MARTEL b: 819

Marriage 2 Spouse Unknown Children Adelaide PRINCESS, HOL Y ROMAN EMPIRE b: 819

Marriage 3 Ermengarde of Hesbaye b: 778 Children Lothai r I CAROLING, EMPEROR OF LORRAINE b: 795 Louis II "the Ger man" KING OF BAVARIA, AND GERMANY b: 803

Marriage 4 Spouse Unknown or Louis the Pious, Fr. Louis l e Pieux or Louis le Débonnaire, 778-840, emperor of the Wes t (814-40), son and successor of Charlemagne. He was crowne d king of Aquitaine in 781 and co-emperor with his father i n 813. His courtwas a learned one; his advisers included Be nedict of Aniane. At the Assembly of Aachen (817) he issue d an imperial order that sought to preserve the unity ofth e empire by breaking with tradition and not dividing the em pire among his heirs. He thus made his eldest son, Lothai r I , co-emperor and gave Aquitaine andBavaria to his son s Pepin I and Louis the German . Louis's attempts to creat e a kingdom for Charles (later Emperor of the West Charle s II ), his son by a second marriage, provoked several revo lts by his older sons. In 822, Louis repented publicly fo r his persecution of the rebels. In 830, Lothair rebelled a nd became virtually sole ruler of the empire. However, Pepi n and Louis the German, fearing Lothair's supremacy, soon r estored their father to power. Another revolt by all thre e sons occurred in 833. Louis met the reb


Called The Pious (778-840), Holy Roman emperor (814-40), ki ng of France(814-40), king of Germany (814-40), and king o f Aquitaine (781-840). Hewas the son of Charlemagne, king o f the Franks. In 817 Louis made plansproviding for the post humous division of the Carolingian Empire among histhree su rviving sons, Lothair I, Holy Roman emperor, Louis II, kin g ofGermany, and Charles II, Holy Roman emperor. His reign , however, wastroubled by quarrels with his sons, who wer e dissatisfied with hisarrangements for the succession. Lou is was physically strong but waseasily influenced and was u nequal to administering the large empire thathe inherited f rom his father.

In 781, at age 2, Louis I, "Le Pieux", was crowned and anoi nted King ofAquitaine by Pope Hadrian I, at the same time a s his older brother Pepinwas made King of Italy. Louis, who se twin brother had died at birth, wasthe third of Charlema gne's sons by his wife Hildegard. The Diviso Regniof 806ind icates that Louis was to have Aquitaine as an independentki ngdom upon his father's death. Aquitaine was in effect a Ma rch; formuch of Louis' reign as sub-king he and his officia ls were occupied inquelling Gascon revolts and launching of fensives into Spain. Unrest hadnever completely died out i n the Pyrenees since the annexation ofAquitaine in 768, an d more especially after the disastrous ambush of theFrankis h vanguard in Roncesvalles in 778. In about 788, Chorso, Du ke ofToulouse was captured by a Gascon named Adelric, and t hen released afterbeing forced to swear an oath of allegian ce to the Gascon or Basqueleader. In 793, the Sarracens inv aded Septimania, burned the suburbs ofNarbonne and marche d on Carcassonne, but in 795 Bahlul-ben-Machluc suedwith Lo uis for peace. In 800, he successfully laid siege to Barcel ona andsubsequently captured Tortosa, Huesca and Pamplona a nd formed links withthe Kingdom of the Asturias. Baptized : on 15 Apr 781; On 15 April 781,Louis was baptized by Pop e Hadrian I in Rome. The next day, EasterSunday, he was con firmed in his title of King of Aquitaine. Married in794: Er mengarde d'Esbay, daughter of Engueran=Ingram, Count d'Esba y.

Note - between 800 and 837: Louis I established monasterie s in Nouaille(a cell of St. Hilaire of Poitiers), Gellone a nd St. Martin-de-Tours.

After the death of his brothers Pepin and Charles in 810 an d 811respectively, Louis was crowned at Aachen on 13 Septem ber 813, Emperorand heir to all of Charlemagne's lands, b y Charlemagne himself withoutany assistance nor even the pr esence of the Pope. All sources, Frankishas well as papal , refer to Louis as emperor from then on. Charlemagnedie d 5 months later. All of Louis' sisters were required to qu it thepalace and retire to their own estates. His cousins , the offsprings ofBernard (Pepin III's half brother) wer e exhiled: Louis forced Count Walato become a monk at Corbi e; Adalhard was exhiled to Noirmoutier to beheld there in c ustody by the Abbot; Bernhard returned to Lerin andGundrad a had to retreat to St. Radegund's convent of Sainte Croi x inPoitiers. Only Theodrada was left unmolested as abbes s of Notre Dame atSoissons. Louis I was also known as Louis , "Le Pieux". On 27 February814, upon learning of the deat h of his father, and at the age of 36years, he left Doue-la -Fontaine, in Anjou, to go to Aix-la-Chapelle.

This new emperor, enterred this capital, and poised himsel f in front ofthe tomb of Charlemagne. So oversome with grie f, his forehead touched thestone floor of the church. Henc e the name "Le Pieux". Since he was kind,relative to his ti mes, he was also known as "Le Debonnaire". For himself,he p referred to adopt the title "by divine Providence, Empero r Augustus".When Pope Leo died in May of 816, Stephen IV wa s elected Pope, andcrowned Louis the Emperor on Sunday 5 Oc tober by placing a crown on hishead during mass at Rheims . He also secured the release of some Romanexhiles in Franc ia. This crowning was among the first attempts tointegrat e the Papacy into the institutional framework of the Empire .Louis, 'lest he be led astray in satisfying the natural de sires of thebody' married Ermengarde, daughter of Count Ing ramn. Charlemagneestablished Doue-la-Fontaine, Chasseneui l (Louis' birthplace), Angeac andEbreuil as royal residence s to maintain Louis and his household. At anassembly in Aac hen in July 817, Louis made provisions for his sons'inherit ance through the "Ordinatio Imperii". In his preface he sta testhat the unity of the empire preserved for Louis by Go d should not bedestroyed by men. Lothar was given the titl e of emperor, and as co-rulerwith his father at once made h eir to the empire, and appointed King ofItaly in the even t of his father's death. Bernard, then King of Italy wasno t mentioned, but the implication is that Bernard would be s ubordinateto Lothar should Louis die. Pepin was made King o f Aquitaine (plusGascony, Toulouse, Carcassonne, Autun, Ava llon and Nevers) and Louis, TheGerman, was made King of Bav aria (plus Carinthia, Bohemia, the lands ofthe Avars and Sl avs and the royal manors of Lauterhofen and Ingolstadt).Pep in and Louis were to meet on an annual basis with Lothar t o consultand together find "measures to take in the interes t of perpetual peace".They could neither start a war nor ma rry without the approval of theirelder brother. Lothar eve n had the right to de-throne them after threewarnings. Tha t same year, 817, Stephen IV obtains his politicalindepende nce, thus severing the tie between Rome and the Frank Empir e asconceived by Charlemagne. The arrangement was neat an d all contingenciescovered except for the one which took pl ace. After his first wife's(Ermengarde) death, Louis, in 81 9, married the beautiful Bavarian Judith,daughter of Comt e Welf of Bavaria. On 13 June 823 she gave birth to ason. H e was called Charles. In September, 824, forgetting his nic kname"Le Debonnaire", Louis totally ravages the Bretagne wh ich was rebelling.In 829, at the General Assembly convoke d in Worms (Wurm), Louis announcesthat he is forging a Duch y for his son, Charles, and gives him Alamania,Alsace, Rhet ia, and part of Burgundy. The Co-Emperor Lothar, disagreesa nd has his name removed from imperial decrees and diplomas . Toward theend of 829, the political scene gets very compl icated with allegationsthat Judith had intimate rapports wi th Bernard, Count of Barcelone, andultimately desiring th e death of the three sons of Hirmingarde. In Mai of830, i n Compiegne, Lothar and Pepin of Aquitaine lead a revolt. L ouis isforced to cede on every point of contention. The apa nage of the youngCharles is eliminated, Judith is locked u p in Poitiers at the Monasteryof Sainte-Radegonde. In 831 , the bishops would note how she had a talentfor convertin g men's hearts and souls, and would allow her to rejoin her husband. In 832, Pepin and Louis revolt against their fathe r. On 24 June833, the Army of Louis Le Pieux faces those o f the rebels. The field ofbattle in Rothfeld would be name d the Field of the Lie (Lugenfeld). TheEmperor and his son s begin negotiations. The night of 29 to 30 June, itis clea r that the supporters of Louis would be influenced by his t hreesons. On the morning of 30 June, Louis would have to su rrender. It wouldnot be until 1 October that Louis would b e deposed by the Assembly led byAgobard, Archbishop of Lyo n and Eblon, Archbishop of Reims. On 7 October,Judith is se nt to the Monastery of Tortone, Bernard to Prum, and Loui s tothe Monastery of Saint-Medard-de-Soissons, where in pub lic ceremony, heis forced to lay down his sword, stripped o f royal vestments, he is madeto don the coarse cloth of a p enitent. In 834, Louis and Pepin, tired ofbeing under the c ontrol of their brother Lothar, decide to free theirfather . On 28 February, they succeed in freeing their father an d inAugust in Blois, Lothar swears to Louis Le Pieux, tha t he would neverleave Italy except by his direct command. T hroughout 834, the Normands --Danes, Swedes and Norwegian s -- resume their raids. On 28 February 835,the General Ass embly proclaims that Louis was innocent of all previousaccu sations thus clearing the way for him to be re-establishe d as Emperoron the Throne at Saint-Stephen of Metz.

In 837, thanks to the intercessions of Judith, Charles "L e Chauve",receives a Kingdom composed of Frisia, between th e Seine, the Meuse andthe sea and in September 838, he rece ives the crown at Quierzy-sur-Oise.In 838, Marseille is dev astated by the Sarrasins. On 30 May 839, theEmpire is divid ed in half, with Lothar taking the East, and Charles'land s extend through Provence, Lyon, Toul and Geneva and all th e lands ofthe West. Louis "the German", gets to keep only B avaria. Married in 819:Judith de Baviere (3628), daughter o f Welf II, Count de Baviere andEgilwich=Heilwig, Abbess d e Challes ; Louis married Judith upon the deathof his firs t wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles in 823 .It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jacob wa s of hisBenjamin. Died: on 22 Jun 840 in Ingelheim, Germany , at age 61 In 840,while attempting to keep Louis "the Germ an" in line, Louis "Le Pieux" istaken ill in Salz. Feelin g near death, he sends Lothar his sword and thecrown on th e condition that he would be loyal to Judith and abide by t helands division agreed to in Worms in 839. He died on an i sland, nearIngelheim on 22 June. 309. Judith de Baviere (An dre Roux: Scrolls, 191.)

(Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 130, Line 171-40.) (Ro samond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians, Page 136).

Married Name: de France. Born: circa 800 in Altdorf, Bavari a, daughter ofWelf II, Count de Baviere (3626) and Egilwich =Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married in 819: Louis I, Kin g de France , son of Charlemagne, RexFrancorum et Langobard orum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau ; Louismarried Judi th upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore h ima son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was a s fond of Charlesas Jacob was of his Benjamin. Died: on 1 9 Apr 843 in Tours,Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France.

Called The Pious (778-840), Holy Roman emperor (814-40), ki ng of France(814-40), king of Germany (814-40), and king o f Aquitaine (781-840). Hewas the son of Charlemagne, king o f the Franks. In 817 Louis made plansproviding for the post humous division of the Carolingian Empire among histhree su rviving sons, Lothair I, Holy Roman emperor, Louis II, kin g ofGermany, and Charles II, Holy Roman emperor. His reign , however, wastroubled by quarrels with his sons, who wer e dissatisfied with hisarrangements for the succession. Lou is was physically strong but waseasily influenced and was u nequal to administering the large empire thathe inherited f rom his father.

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Name Suffix: King of

Called The Pious (778-840), Holy Roman emperor (814-40), ki ng of France(814-40), king of Germany (814-40), and king o f Aquitaine (781-840). Hewas the son of Charlemagne, king o f the Franks. In 817 Louis made plansproviding for the post humous division of the Carolingian Empire among histhree su rviving sons, Lothair I, Holy Roman emperor, Louis II, kin g ofGermany, and Charles II, Holy Roman emperor. His reign , however, wastroubled by quarrels with his sons, who wer e dissatisfied with hisarrangements for the succession. Lou is was physically strong but waseasily influenced and was u nequal to administering the large empire thathe inherited f rom his father.

In 781, at age 2, Louis I, "Le Pieux", was crowned and anoi nted King ofAquitaine by Pope Hadrian I, at the same time a s his older brother Pepinwas made King of Italy. Louis, who se twin brother had died at birth, wasthe third of Charlema gne's sons by his wife Hildegard. The Diviso Regniof 806ind icates that Louis was to have Aquitaine as an independentki ngdom upon his father's death. Aquitaine was in effect a Ma rch; formuch of Louis' reign as sub-king he and his officia ls were occupied inquelling Gascon revolts and launching of fensives into Spain. Unrest hadnever completely died out i n the Pyrenees since the annexation ofAquitaine in 768, an d more especially after the disastrous ambush of theFrankis h vanguard in Roncesvalles in 778. In about 788, Chorso, Du ke ofToulouse was captured by a Gascon named Adelric, and t hen released afterbeing forced to swear an oath of allegian ce to the Gascon or Basqueleader. In 793, the Sarracens inv aded Septimania, burned the suburbs ofNarbonne and marche d on Carcassonne, but in 795 Bahlul-ben-Machluc suedwith Lo uis for peace. In 800, he successfully laid siege to Barcel ona andsubsequently captured Tortosa, Huesca and Pamplona a nd formed links withthe Kingdom of the Asturias. Baptized : on 15 Apr 781; On 15 April 781,Louis was baptized by Pop e Hadrian I in Rome. The next day, EasterSunday, he was con firmed in his title of King of Aquitaine. Married in794: Er mengarde d'Esbay, daughter of Engueran=Ingram, Count d'Esba y.

Note - between 800 and 837: Louis I established monasterie s in Nouaille(a cell of St. Hilaire of Poitiers), Gellone a nd St. Martin-de-Tours.

After the death of his brothers Pepin and Charles in 810 an d 811respectively, Louis was crowned at Aachen on 13 Septem ber 813, Emperorand heir to all of Charlemagne's lands, b y Charlemagne himself withoutany assistance nor even the pr esence of the Pope. All sources, Frankishas well as papal , refer to Louis as emperor from then on. Charlemagnedie d 5 months later. All of Louis' sisters were required to qu it thepalace and retire to their own estates. His cousins , the offsprings ofBernard (Pepin III's half brother) wer e exhiled: Louis forced Count Walato become a monk at Corbi e; Adalhard was exhiled to Noirmoutier to beheld there in c ustody by the Abbot; Bernhard returned to Lerin andGundrad a had to retreat to St. Radegund's convent of Sainte Croi x inPoitiers. Only Theodrada was left unmolested as abbes s of Notre Dame atSoissons. Louis I was also known as Louis , "Le Pieux". On 27 February814, upon learning of the deat h of his father, and at the age of 36years, he left Doue-la -Fontaine, in Anjou, to go to Aix-la-Chapelle.

This new emperor, enterred this capital, and poised himsel f in front ofthe tomb of Charlemagne. So oversome with grie f, his forehead touched thestone floor of the church. Henc e the name "Le Pieux". Since he was kind,relative to his ti mes, he was also known as "Le Debonnaire". For himself,he p referred to adopt the title "by divine Providence, Empero r Augustus".When Pope Leo died in May of 816, Stephen IV wa s elected Pope, andcrowned Louis the Emperor on Sunday 5 Oc tober by placing a crown on hishead during mass at Rheims . He also secured the release of some Romanexhiles in Franc ia. This crowning was among the first attempts tointegrat e the Papacy into the institutional framework of the Empire .Louis, 'lest he be led astray in satisfying the natural de sires of thebody' married Ermengarde, daughter of Count Ing ramn. Charlemagneestablished Doue-la-Fontaine, Chasseneui l (Louis' birthplace), Angeac andEbreuil as royal residence s to maintain Louis and his household. At anassembly in Aac hen in July 817, Louis made provisions for his sons'inherit ance through the "Ordinatio Imperii". In his preface he sta testhat the unity of the empire preserved for Louis by Go d should not bedestroyed by men. Lothar was given the titl e of emperor, and as co-rulerwith his father at once made h eir to the empire, and appointed King ofItaly in the even t of his father's death. Bernard, then King of Italy wasno t mentioned, but the implication is that Bernard would be s ubordinateto Lothar should Louis die. Pepin was made King o f Aquitaine (plusGascony, Toulouse, Carcassonne, Autun, Ava llon and Nevers) and Louis, TheGerman, was made King of Bav aria (plus Carinthia, Bohemia, the lands ofthe Avars and Sl avs and the royal manors of Lauterhofen and Ingolstadt).Pep in and Louis were to meet on an annual basis with Lothar t o consultand together find "measures to take in the interes t of perpetual peace".They could neither start a war nor ma rry without the approval of theirelder brother. Lothar eve n had the right to de-throne them after threewarnings. Tha t same year, 817, Stephen IV obtains his politicalindepende nce, thus severing the tie between Rome and the Frank Empir e asconceived by Charlemagne. The arrangement was neat an d all contingenciescovered except for the one which took pl ace. After his first wife's(Ermengarde) death, Louis, in 81 9, married the beautiful Bavarian Judith,daughter of Comt e Welf of Bavaria. On 13 June 823 she gave birth to ason. H e was called Charles. In September, 824, forgetting his nic kname"Le Debonnaire", Louis totally ravages the Bretagne wh ich was rebelling.In 829, at the General Assembly convoke d in Worms (Wurm), Louis announcesthat he is forging a Duch y for his son, Charles, and gives him Alamania,Alsace, Rhet ia, and part of Burgundy. The Co-Emperor Lothar, disagreesa nd has his name removed from imperial decrees and diplomas . Toward theend of 829, the political scene gets very compl icated with allegationsthat Judith had intimate rapports wi th Bernard, Count of Barcelone, andultimately desiring th e death of the three sons of Hirmingarde. In Mai of830, i n Compiegne, Lothar and Pepin of Aquitaine lead a revolt. L ouis isforced to cede on every point of contention. The apa nage of the youngCharles is eliminated, Judith is locked u p in Poitiers at the Monasteryof Sainte-Radegonde. In 831 , the bishops would note how she had a talentfor convertin g men's hearts and souls, and would allow her to rejoin her husband. In 832, Pepin and Louis revolt against their fathe r. On 24 June833, the Army of Louis Le Pieux faces those o f the rebels. The field ofbattle in Rothfeld would be name d the Field of the Lie (Lugenfeld). TheEmperor and his son s begin negotiations. The night of 29 to 30 June, itis clea r that the supporters of Louis would be influenced by his t hreesons. On the morning of 30 June, Louis would have to su rrender. It wouldnot be until 1 October that Louis would b e deposed by the Assembly led byAgobard, Archbishop of Lyo n and Eblon, Archbishop of Reims. On 7 October,Judith is se nt to the Monastery of Tortone, Bernard to Prum, and Loui s tothe Monastery of Saint-Medard-de-Soissons, where in pub lic ceremony, heis forced to lay down his sword, stripped o f royal vestments, he is madeto don the coarse cloth of a p enitent. In 834, Louis and Pepin, tired ofbeing under the c ontrol of their brother Lothar, decide to free theirfather . On 28 February, they succeed in freeing their father an d inAugust in Blois, Lothar swears to Louis Le Pieux, tha t he would neverleave Italy except by his direct command. T hroughout 834, the Normands --Danes, Swedes and Norwegian s -- resume their raids. On 28 February 835,the General Ass embly proclaims that Louis was innocent of all previousaccu sations thus clearing the way for him to be re-establishe d as Emperoron the Throne at Saint-Stephen of Metz.

In 837, thanks to the intercessions of Judith, Charles "L e Chauve",receives a Kingdom composed of Frisia, between th e Seine, the Meuse andthe sea and in September 838, he rece ives the crown at Quierzy-sur-Oise.In 838, Marseille is dev astated by the Sarrasins. On 30 May 839, theEmpire is divid ed in half, with Lothar taking the East, and Charles'land s extend through Provence, Lyon, Toul and Geneva and all th e lands ofthe West. Louis "the German", gets to keep only B avaria. Married in 819:Judith de Baviere (3628), daughter o f Welf II, Count de Baviere andEgilwich=Heilwig, Abbess d e Challes ; Louis married Judith upon the deathof his firs t wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles in 823 .It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jacob wa s of hisBenjamin. Died: on 22 Jun 840 in Ingelheim, Germany , at age 61 In 840,while attempting to keep Louis "the Germ an" in line, Louis "Le Pieux" istaken ill in Salz. Feelin g near death, he sends Lothar his sword and thecrown on th e condition that he would be loyal to Judith and abide by t helands division agreed to in Worms in 839. He died on an i sland, nearIngelheim on 22 June. 309. Judith de Baviere (An dre Roux: Scrolls, 191.)

(Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 130, Line 171-40.) (Ro samond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians, Page 136).

Married Name: de France. Born: circa 800 in Altdorf, Bavari a, daughter ofWelf II, Count de Baviere (3626) and Egilwich =Heilwig, Abbess de Challes. Married in 819: Louis I, Kin g de France , son of Charlemagne, RexFrancorum et Langobard orum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau ; Louismarried Judi th upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore h ima son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was a s fond of Charlesas Jacob was of his Benjamin. Died: on 1 9 Apr 843 in Tours,Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France.

Called The Pious (778-840), Holy Roman emperor (814-40), ki ng of France(814-40), king of Germany (814-40), and king o f Aquitaine (781-840). Hewas the son of Charlemagne, king o f the Franks. In 817 Louis made plansproviding for the post humous division of the Carolingian Empire among histhree su rviving sons, Lothair I, Holy Roman emperor, Louis II, kin g ofGermany, and Charles II, Holy Roman emperor. His reign , however, wastroubled by quarrels with his sons, who wer e dissatisfied with hisarrangements for the succession. Lou is was physically strong but waseasily influenced and was u nequal to administering the large empire thathe inherited f rom his father.

Lou is I, byname LOUIS THE PIOUS, or THE DEBONAIR, Frenc h LOUIS LE PIEUX,or LE D©B ONNAIRE, German LUDWIG DER FROMM E (b. 778, Chasseneuil, nea rPoitiers, Aquitaine --d. Jun e 20, 840, Petersaue, Ger.), son of theFrankish ruler Charl emagne; he w as crowned as co-emperor in 813 andbecame empe ror in 814 on his father's death. Twice deprived of hisauth ority by his sons (Lothai r, Pepin, Louis, and Charles ), h e recoveredit each time (830 and 834), but a t his death th e Carolingian emp ire wasin disarray. Louis was the fifth c hil d of Charlemagne's second wife, Hildegard theSwabian. F rom 781 until 814 Loui s ruled Aquitaine with some succes s ,though largely through counsellors. When Charlemagne die d at Aachen in814 and was succeeded by Louis, by then his o nl y surviving legitimateson, Louis was we ll experienced i n warfare; he was 36, married toIrmengard of Hesbaye, and w as t he father of three young sons, L othair,Pepin, and Lou is (Louis the German); he had inherited vast lands, whic hs eemed to be under reasonable control; there was no other cl aimant to thethr one; and on Sept. 11, 813, shortly befor e his fathe r's death, Louishad been crowned in Aachen as h eir and co-emperor. Louis' fi rst task was to carry out th e terms of Charlemagne's will.According to the Fran kish ch ronicler Einhard , Louis did this with greatscrupulousness , although othe r contemporary sourc es tell a differentsto ry. Louis next began to allocate part s of the empire t o t he variousmembers of his family, and here began the diffic u lties and di sasters thatwere to beset him for the remain der of his life. In Aug ust 814 h e madeLothair and Pepin n ominal kings of Bavaria and Aquitaine. He als oconfi rmed B ernard, the son of his dead brother Pepin, as king of Italy ,which p osi tion Charlemagne had allowed him to inherit i n 813. But whenBernard revolted in 817, Louis had him blind ed, and he died as a resultof it. Louis sent his s i ster s and half sisters to nunneries and later puthis three ille gitimate hal f br others--Drogo, Hugo, and Theodoric--intom onasteries. At the assembly of Aach en in July 817, he conf irmed Pepin in thepossession of Aquitaine and ga ve Bavar i a to Louis the German; Lothair hemade his co-emperor and he ir. Char lemagne had been in his 70s and withina few month s of death before naming his heir, and fo r Louis to give s uchpremature expectations to a youth of 22 was to ask for t rou ble. Moreover,Louis did not anticipate that he would be come father of another c hild:the empress Irmengard died i n 818; and four months l ater Louis marriedJudi th of Bavar ia, who, in June 823, bore him a son, Charl es (Charles the Bald), to whom the Emperor gave Alemannia in 829. Backed b y h is two brothers, Lothair rose in revolt and deposed his father. The assembly o f Nijmegen in October 830, however , restored Louisto the throne; and, the fol lowing February , at the assem bly of Aachen, ina second partition, Lothai r wa s given Italy. In 832 Louis took Aquitaineaway from Pe pin and gave it to Char les. The three brothers revolte d a second time, with the support of Pope Greg ory IV, an d at a meeting nearSigolshe im, in Alsace, once more depose d their father. In March 834 Louiswas again rest ored to th e throne and made peace wi th Pepin and with Louisthe Germa n. Later in 834, Lothair rose again, but al one, and had to retreat into Italy. Encouraged b y his success, Louis mad e ove r moreterritories to his son Charles at the assemb li es of Aachen and Nijmege n(837-838)--a move the three broth ers accepted but wi th bad grace. In 839Lou is the German r evolted but was driven back into Bavaria. Meanwhile, Pepi n had died (December 838), and, at the assembly of Worms(Ma y 30, 839), a fourth par tition was made, the empire bein g dividedbetween Lothair and Charles, with Ba varia left i n the hands of Louis theGerman. Tow

He was crowned king of Aquitaine in 781 and co-emperor wit h his father in 813. His court was a learned one; his advis ers included Benedict of Aniane. At the Assembly of Aache n (817) he issued an imperial order that sought to preserv e the unity of the empire by breaking with tradition and no t dividing the empire among his heirs. He thus made his eld est son, Lothair I, co-emperor and gave Aquitaine and Bavar ia to his sons Pepin I and Louis the German. Louis's attemp ts to create a kingdom for Charles (later Emperor of the We st Charles II), his son by a second marriage, provoked seve ral revolts by his older sons. In 822, Louis repented publi cly for his persecution of the rebels. In 830, Lothair rebe lled and became virtually sole ruler of the empire. However , Pepin and Louis the German, fearing Lothair's supremacy , soon restored their father to power. Another revolt by al l three sons occurred in 833. Louis met the rebels near Col mar on a field known since then as the Field of Lies (Ger . Lügenfeld) because of the general defection of the imperi al troops. Louis, compelled to surrender, was formally depo sed, and Lothair became sole emperor. Yet in 834, Louis th e German and Pepin once more joined against Lothair and res tored Louis. Later he partitioned his empire between Lothai r and Charles and died while attempting to uphold the parti tion against the Aquitanians and Louis the German. King o f Aquitane Crowned by Pope Leo III as Emperor of All Roman s Co-emperor with his father Emperor of the West Issued a n imperial order that sought to preserve the unity of the e mpire by not dividing it among his heirs Repented publicl y for persecution of rebels Restored

FRANKEN, Ludwig I, der fromme [9618] 778 - ____ TITLE: I, d er fromme BIRTH: 778 DEATH: Y Father: FRANKEN, Karl der gro ßeFamily 1 : +FRANKEN, Ludwig der deutsche +FRANKEN, Alpa is +FRANKEN, Gisela FRANKEN, Pippin +FRANKEN, Unknown +FRAN KEN, Lothar I +FRANKEN, Karl II, der kahle

http://genealogy.munthe.net/database/g0003719.html#I8198



Holy Roman emperor (814-40), king of France (814-40), kin g of Germany (814-40), and king of Aquitaine (781-840). Ph ysically strong but easily influenced and unequal to admini stering the large empire that he inherited from his father . Founder of the Carolingian dynasties. [Funk & Wagnalls]



!813 - crowned at the diet of Aix-la-Chapelle 817 - divide s France among his sons: Lothar becomes coregent, Louis re ceives Bavaria, Pepin Aquitania 830 - destroys collection o f German epics started by his father 833 - defeated by hi s three sons at Colmar 834 - throne restored 837 - new divi sion of Frankish Empire between himself and son Lothar I [T imetables of History]

!May have been born at Garonne. Emperor of the West, King o f Aquitaine 781, co-regent 813, crowned Emperor at Rheims , 28 Oct 816. [Desc. of Charlemagne]

!The Byzantine Emperor Theophilus addressed a plea to Loui s the Pious for aid in the face of Arab raids. [The Oxfor d History of Medieval Europe]

!When in 817 it was decided the Louis' eldest son Lothar wo uld become emperor on his father's death, and that the tw o other sons, Louis the German and Pippin of Aquitaine, wou ld be kings within his empire, there was a revolt, led by h is nephew, Bernard of Italy, who had not been mentioned i n the succession document. This was put down by Louis, wh o had Bernard blinded. Any discontent that arose could no w center around Lothar, who had already been crowned empero r. It came to a head in 822, when Louis was forced to unde rgo penance and to recall his cousins (who he had banishe d on his father's death) to court. But the crucial event w as the birth in 823 of a son to Louis' second wife. Louis w as determined that this son, Charles the Bald, would shar e in his inheritance. The three other sons naturally consi dered any change in the 817 arrangements as an attack on th eir own position. From the late 820s until the end of hi s life in 840 Louis was in continual struggle with one or m ore of his sons, being deposed by a council of bishops at o ne point. [Oxford History]

!The Latin chronicler calls him "Hludowicus", said to be de rived from two Teuton words meaning "famous god of war", no t an apt appellation for Louis who would rather go with Si r Priest that Sir Knight. Too gentle and too scrupulous t o control his turbulent vassals, most quarrelsome among the m his 3 sons, by whom he was twice deposed, to be restore d as a relief from their insolence. [Leaders & Landmarks]

!Reigned 814-40, divided the Empire during his lifetime amo ng his three sons, and on the birth of a fourth, Charles th e Bald, a new arrangement was made to the disadvantage of t he original participants. Civil wars were a consequence. [ Leader & Landmarks, Vol. II, p. 232]

!M. 1. Irmengard of Hasbaye abt 794/8. Father of Louis, l e Germanique, King of Bavaria. [Ped. of Charlemagne, Vol. I , p. 124, 267]]

Emperor of the West; son of Charlemagne and Hildegarde of V inzgau; m. Judith of Altdorf; m. Ermengarde of Hesbaye an d was father of: 1. Lothaire I, Emperor of the West, who m . Ermengarde of Tours 2. Louis the German 3. Hildegard of F rancia who m. Gerhard, Count of Auvergne [GRS 3.03, Automat ed Archives, CD#100]

!Our Noble & Gentle Families of Royal Descent Together wit h Their Paternal Ancestry by Joseph Foster p 178 1884 Editi on. Emperor 814.

!He was born a twin of Lothair, who died on 8 Feb 779. Loui s was crowned king of Aquitaine in 781 and remained so unti l the death of his father in 814 when he became king of Fra nce. Following the birth of an illegitimate daughter (Alpai s or Elpheid), he married twice and had four sons and two d aughters of those unions. Ref; Langston & Buck: Pedigree s of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants; Weiss ; Ancestors of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England betw een 1623 and 1650; Moriarty: The Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 5 ; Turton: The Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 8, 171.

King of Aquitaine (781-814) and emperor of the Western of C arolingian empire (814-40), the son of Charlemagne. His rei gn was marked by reforms of the Church in collaboration wit h the monk St. Benedict of Aniane, and for the raids of th e Norsemen in the NEW of the empire, especially the Seine a nd Scheldt basins. After his death the empire disintegrate d while his sons fought for supremacy. [The Cambridge Biogr aphical Encyclopedia, p. 585]


BIOGRAPHY: BIBLIOGRAPHY:
KeatsRohan, K.S.B., Poppa of Bayeux and her Family, TAG v7 2 (Jul 1997) p187-204.

BIOGRAPHY: Moriarty, George Andrews, Plantagenet Ancestry o f King Edward III And Queen Philippa. Salt Lake: Mormon Pio neer Genealogical Society, 1985. LDS Film#0441438. nypl#ARF -86-2555.

BIOGRAPHY: Paget, Gerald, The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H . Prince Charles, Prince of Wales. London: Charles Skilto n Ltd, 1977. Nypl ARF+ 78-835.

BIOGRAPHY: Previte-Orton, C. W., The Shorter Cambridge Medi eval History, Cambridge: University Press, 1952. Chatham 94 0.1PRE.

BIOGRAPHY: Redlich, Marcellus Donald R Von, Pedigrees of So me of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants. Order of the C rown of Charlemagne, 1941.

BIOGRAPHY: Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Europaische Stammtafel n: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten, Ne w Series, Marburg: J.A. Stargardt, 1978-.

BIOGRAPHY: Settipani, Christian, Nos Ancetres de L'Antiquit e, Etudes des possibilites de liens genealogiques entre le s familles de l'Antiquite. Paris: Editions Christian, 1991 . NYPL #ARB-93-7430.

BIOGRAPHY: Settipani, Christian. La prehistore des Capetien s: 481-987. Villeneue d'Asacq: P. Van Kerrebrouck, 1993. NY PL ASF (Capet) 94-7243.

BIOGRAPHY: Tapsell, R. F., Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties an d Kingdoms of the World. New York: Facts on File Publicatio ns, 1983.

BIOGRAPHY: Watney, Vernon James, The Wallop Family and thei r Ancestry, Oxford:John Johnson, 1928. LDS Film#1696491 ite ms 6-9.

BIOGRAPHY: Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots of Sixt y Colonists, 6th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishin g Co, 1988. Data not yet checked against 7th Edition.

BIOGRAPHY: Weis, Frederick Lewis, with additions and correc tions by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, Assisted by David Faris , Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came t o America before 1700, 7th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogica l Publishing Co, 1992.

BIOGRAPHY: Wurts, John S., Magna Charta: The Pedigrees of t he Barons, Philadelphia, PA: Brookfield Publishing Co, 1942.
Note:
RESEARCH NOTES:
814-840 Emperor [Ref: Weis AR7 #140] 814-840: Emperor [Ref : Settipani Capet #5] 781-840: King of Aquitaine [Ref: Taps ell Dynasties p170]

BIOGRAPHY: Emperor Jan 28 814 [Ref: Wurts MCBarons p188]

BIOGRAPHY: 817: yielded to the wishes of his sons and gav e each of them a share of his dominions, which caused compl ications he was incapable of managing, and which resulted i n the dissolution of the Empire. [Ref: Wurts MCBarons p188]
Birth: Aug 778
Note:
Sources for this Information:
date: [Ref: ES I #2, Moriarty Plantagenet p16, Moriarty Pla ntagenet p5, Paget HRHCharles p221, Weis AR7 #140] 768 [Ref : Settipani LGA p9] 778 [Ref: Watney WALLOP #207], place: g iven as Casseneuil in [Ref: Wurts MCBarons p187], parents : [Ref: ES I #2, Moriarty Plantagenet p5, Redlich Charlemag neDesc p63, Watney WALLOP #207, Weis AR7 #140], father: [Re f: CMH p336, Settipani LGA p9, Tapsell Dynasties p170]
Death: Jun 20 840 in Near Mainz
Note:
Sources for this Information:
date: [Ref: ES I #2, ES III #736, Moriarty Plantagenet p16 , Moriarty Plantagenet p5, Paget HRHCharles p221, Weis AR 7 #140] 840 [Ref: CMH p336, ES I #57, Moriarty Plantagene t p20, Settipani LGA p9, Watney WALLOP #207], place: near M ainz [Ref: Weis AR7 #140]
Note:
Sources with Inaccurate Information:
place: Ingelheim [Ref: Wurts MCBarons p188]
Burial:
Note:
Sources for this Information:
note: burial place given as Metz in [Ref: Wurts MCBarons p1 88]


BIOGRAPHY: Father: Charlemagne King Of France b: Apr 2 74 7 in Ingelheim
Mother: Hildegarde Of Swabia, Countess Of Vinzgau b: 758

BIOGRAPHY: Marriage 1 Spouse Unknown
Children
Arnulf Count Of Sens b: Abt 794

BIOGRAPHY: Marriage 2 Ermengarde
Married: 795
Note:
Sources for this Information:
date: (794) [Ref: ES I #2] 794/795 [Ref: Weis AR7 #140] ab t 794 [Ref: Moriarty Plantagenet p16, Moriarty Plantagene t p20] abt 794/8 [Ref: Redlich CharlemagneDesc p124] firs t marriage of Louis [Ref: CMH p336] second marriage of Loui s [Ref: Settipani Capet #5], names: [Ref: Weis AR #144A]
Children
Mathilda
Rotrud
Hildegarde Abbess Of Laon
Lothair I King Of Italy, Emperor Of The West b: 795
Pepin I King Of Aquitaine b: Abt 803
Louis Le Germanique, King Of Bavaria b: Abt 806

BIOGRAPHY: Marriage 3 Judith Of Bavaria b: Abt 805
Married: Feb 819
Note:
Sources for this Information:
date: [Ref: ES I #57, ES III #736, Moriarty Plantagenet p16 , Moriarty Plantagenet p17, Paget HRHCharles p221, Weis AR 7 #140] 819 [Ref: ES I #2, Redlich CharlemagneDesc p63] sec ond marriage of Louis [Ref: CMH p336, Weis AR7 #148] thir d marriage of Louis [Ref: Settipani Capet #5], names: [Ref : Watney WALLOP #207]
Children
Gisele b: 820
Charles II The Bald King Of Franks, Emperor b: Jun 23 82 3 in Frankfort-Am-Main

BIOGRAPHY: ---------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------
killed his nephew Bernard King of Italy in 818

Name: Louis I, Emporer KING OF FRANCE Occupation: Emperor o f the Holy Roman Empire Note:

Louis I., the Debonaire or the Pious or the Gentle, King o f France (Aquitaine) and Holy Roman Emperor from 813 to 840 , was born at Casseneuil in 778. He succeeded his father Ja nuary 28, 814 and three years later yielded to the wishes o f his sons and gave each of them a share of the dominions , which caused complications he was incapable of managing , and which resulted in the dissolution of the Empire. He d ied at Ingelheim June 20, 840, and was bur> ied at Metz. H e married (1) Ermengarde of Hasbania, daughter of Ingram, C ount of Hasbania. She was born circa 778 and died October 3 , 818. They had children as follows: 1. Lothaire (Lothar I. ), Earl of Germany. 2. Pippin (Pepin) I., King of the Aquit anians (817-838), died in 838, married Ingeltrudis, and the y were parents of Pippin II., King of the Aquitanians (838- 848, died 864). 3. Louis the German, King of the East Frank s (817-876). He is also recorded as the Kingof Bavaria an d Germany, 840-876. He married Emma. They had the followin g children: 1. Carloman, King of Bavaria (876-880), fathe r of Arnule, Emperor, 896, and grandfather of Louis the Chi ld, King of Germany, 899-911. 2. Louis the Younger, King o f the East Franks (Saxony), 876-882. 1.Charles the Fat, Kin g of Provence (876-887), Emperor of Germany, 876, King of t he West Franks (France),884,deposed in 887. 4. Hildebrant e (Liegrade) of Neustria, born circa 887, died after Marc h 93> 1. She married Herbert II, Count of Vermandois, bor n 880/890, died February 23, 943. They had a son, Robert d e Vermandois, born 920, died August 967, who married Adelai de Challons, born circa 920, die> d after 967. This line co ntinues through Adelaide de Vermandois, Hermengarde of Anjo u, Judith of Rennes (Brittany), who married Richard II ("th e Good") of Normandy, grandfatherof William the Conqueror . Louis I. married (2) Judith, daughter of Guelph (Gelf), C ount of Andech and Bavaria, and his wife, Edith of Saxony . From this marriage there were at least two children:1. Gi sela> .2. Charles II., the Bald. (source: The Frankish King s to Charlemagne). Sex: M Birth: 778 in Casseneuil, Franc e Death: 20 JUN 840 in Near Ingelhein, Rhinehessen, Hesse C hristening:

Father: Charlemagne, Emporer of the West b: 2 APR 742 in Ai x La Chapelle, Austrasia Mother: *Hildegarde EMPRESS b: 75 7 in Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia

Marriage 1 Judith Princess Of Bavaria b: 800 in Bavaria Chi ldren Charles II (the Bald) HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR b: 13 JUN 8 23 in Frankfurt,Hessen-Nassau,Prussia Gisele, Daughter o f King Louis I MARTEL b: 819

Marriage 2 Spouse Unknown Children Adelaide PRINCESS, HOL Y ROMAN EMPIRE b: 819

Marriage 3 Ermengarde of Hesbaye b: 778 Children Lothai r I CAROLING, EMPEROR OF LORRAINE b: 795 Louis II "the Ger man" KING OF BAVARIA, AND GERMANY b: 803

Marriage 4 Spouse Unknown or Louis the Pious, Fr. Louis l e Pieux or Louis le Débonnaire, 778-840, emperor of the Wes t (814-40), son and successor of Charlemagne. He was crowne d king of Aquitaine in 781 and co-emperor with his father i n 813. His courtwas a learned one; his advisers included Be nedict of Aniane. At the Assembly of Aachen (817) he issue d an imperial order that sought to preserve the unity ofth e empire by breaking with tradition and not dividing the em pire among his heirs. He thus made his eldest son, Lothai r I , co-emperor and gave Aquitaine andBavaria to his son s Pepin I and Louis the German . Louis's attempts to creat e a kingdom for Charles (later Emperor of the West Charle s II ), his son by a second marriage, provoked several revo lts by his older sons. In 822, Louis repented publicly fo r his persecution of the rebels. In 830, Lothair rebelled a nd became virtually sole ruler of the empire. However, Pepi n and Louis the German, fearing Lothair's supremacy, soon r estored their father to power. Another revolt by all thre e sons occurred in 833. Louis met the reb

Ruled 814-840

Called The Pious (778-840), Holy Roman emperor (814-40), ki ng of France (814-40), king of Germany (814-40), and king o f Aquitaine (781-840). He was the son of Charlemagne, kin g of the Franks. In 817 Louis madeplans providing for the p osthumous division of the Carolingian Empireamong his thre e surviving sons, Lothair I, Holy Roman emperor, Louis II , king of Germany, and Charles II, Holy Roman emperor. Hi s reign, however, was troubled by quarrels with his sons, w ho were dissatisfied with his arrangements for the successi on. Louis was physically strong but was easily influenced a nd was unequal to administering the large empire that he in herited from his father.

In 781, at age 2, Louis I, "Le Pieux", was crowned and anoi nted King of Aquitaine by Pope Hadrian I, at the same tim e as his older brother Pepin was made King of Italy. Louis , whose twin brother had died at birth, was the third of Ch arlemagne's sons by his wife Hildegard. The Diviso Regni o f 806indicates that Louis was to have Aquitaine as an indep endent kingdom upon his father's death. Aquitaine was in ef fect a March; for much of Louis' reign as sub-king he and h is officials were occupied in quelling Gascon revolts and l aunching offensives into Spain. Unrest had never completel y died out in the Pyrenees since the annexation of Aquitain e in 768, and more especially after the disastrous ambush o f the Frankish vanguard in Roncesvalles in 778. In about 78 8, Chorso, Duke of Toulouse was captured by a Gascon name d Adelric, and then released after being forced to swear a n oath of allegiance to the Gascon or Basque leader. In 793 , the Sarracens invaded Septimania, burned the suburbs of N arbonne and marched on Carcassonne, but in 795 Bahlul-ben-M achluc sued with Louis for peace. In 800, he successfully l aid siege to Barcelona and subsequently captured Tortosa, H uesca and Pamplona and formed links with the Kingdom of th e Asturias. Baptized: on 15 Apr 781; On 15 April 781, Loui s was baptized by Pope Hadrian I in Rome.The next day, East er Sunday, he was confirmed in his title of King ofAquitain e. Married in 794: Ermengarde d'Esbay, daughter of Engueran =Ingram, Count d'Esbay.

Note - between 800 and 837: Louis I established monasterie s in Nouaille (a cell of St. Hilaire of Poitiers), Gellon e and St. Martin-de-Tours.

After the death of his brothers Pepin and Charles in 810 an d 811 respectively, Louis was crowned at Aachen on 13 Septe mber 813, Emperor andheir to all of Charlemagne's lands, b y Charlemagne himself without any assistance nor even the p resence of the Pope. All sources, Frankish as well as papal , refer to Louis as emperor from then on. Charlemagne die d 5 months later. All of Louis' sisters were required to qu it the palace and retire to their own estates. His cousins , the offsprings of Bernard (Pepin III's half brother) wer e exhiled: Louis forced Count Wala to become a monk at Corb ie; Adalhard was exhiled to Noirmoutier to be held there i n custody by the Abbot; Bernhard returned to Lerin and Gund rada had to retreat to St. Radegund's convent of Sainte Cro ix in Poitiers. Only Theodrada was left unmolested as abbes s of Notre Dame atSoissons. Louis I was also known as Louis , "Le Pieux". On 27 February814, upon learning of the deat h of his father, and at the age of 36 years, he left Doue-l a-Fontaine, in Anjou, to go to Aix-la-Chapelle.

This new emperor, enterred this capital, and poised himsel f in front of the tomb of Charlemagne. So oversome with gri ef, his forehead touched the stone floor of the church. Hen ce the name "Le Pieux". Since he was kind, relative to hi s times, he was also known as "Le Debonnaire".For himself , he preferred to adopt the title "by divine Providence, Em peror Augustus". When Pope Leo died in May of 816, Stephe n IV was elected Pope, and crowned Louis the Emperor on Sun day 5 October by placing a crown on his head during mass a t Rheims. He also secured the release of some Roman exhile s in Francia. This crowning was among the firstattempts t o integrate the Papacy into the institutional framework o f the Empire. Louis, 'lest he be led astray in satisfying t he natural desires of the body' married Ermengarde, daughte r of Count Ingramn. Charlemagne established Doue-la-Fontain e, Chasseneuil (Louis' birthplace),Angeac and Ebreuil as ro yal residences to maintain Louis and his household. At an a ssembly in Aachen in July 817, Louis made provisions forhi s sons' inheritance through the "Ordinatio Imperii". In hi s prefacehe states that the unity of the empire preserved f or Louis by God should not be destroyed by men. Lothar wa s given the title of emperor, and as co-ruler with his fath er at once made heir to the empire, and appointed King of I taly in the event of his father's death. Bernard, thenKin g of Italy was not mentioned, but the implication is that B ernard would be subordinate to Lothar should Louis die. Pep in was made King of Aquitaine (plus Gascony, Toulouse, Carc assonne, Autun, Avallon and Nevers) and Louis, The German , was made King of Bavaria (plus Carinthia, Bohemia, the la nds of the Avars and Slavs and the royal manors of Lauterho fen and Ingolstadt). Pepin and Louis were to meet on an ann ual basis with Lothar to consult and together find "measure s to take in theinterest of perpetual peace". They could ne ither start a war nor marry without the approval of their e lder brother. Lothar even had the right to de-throne them a fter three warnings. That same year, 817, Stephen IV obtain s his political independence, thus severing the tie between Rome and the Frank Empire as conceived by Charlemagne. Th e arrangement was neat and all contingencies covered excep t for the one which tookplace. After his first wife's (Erme ngarde) death, Louis, in 819, married the beautiful Bavaria n Judith, daughter of Comte Welf of Bavaria. On 13 June 82 3 she gave birth to a son. He was called Charles. In Septem ber, 824, forgetting his nickname "Le Debonnaire", Louis to tally ravages the Bretagne which was rebelling. In 829, a t the General Assemblyconvoked in Worms (Wurm), Louis annou nces that he is forging a Duchy for his son, Charles, and g ives him Alamania, Alsace, Rhetia, and partof Burgundy. Th e Co-Emperor Lothar, disagrees and has his name removed fro m imperial decrees and diplomas. Toward the end of 829, th e political scene gets very complicated with allegations th at Judith had intimate rapports with Bernard, Count of Barc elone, and ultimately desiring the death of the three son s of Hirmingarde. In Mai of 830, in Compiegne, Lothar and P epin of Aquitaine lead a revolt. Louis is forced to cede o n every point of contention. The apanage of the young Charl es is eliminated, Judith is locked up in Poitiers at the Mo nastery of Sainte-Radegonde. In 831, the bishops would not e how she had a talent for converting men's hearts and soul s, and would allow her to rejoin her husband. In 832, Pepi n and Louis revolt against their father. On 24 June 833, th e Army of Louis Le Pieux faces those of the rebels. The fie ld of battle in Rothfeld would be named the Field of the Li e (Lugenfeld). The Emperor and his sons begin negotiations . The night of 29 to 30 June, it is clear that the supporte rs of Louis would be influenced by histhree sons. On the mo rning of 30 June, Louis would have to surrender.It would no t be until 1 October that Louis would be deposed by the Ass embly led by Agobard, Archbishop of Lyon and Eblon, Archbis hop of Reims. On 7 October, Judith is sent to the Monaster y of Tortone, Bernard to Prum, and Louis to the Monastery o f Saint-Medard-de-Soissons, wherein public ceremony, he i s forced to lay down his sword, stripped of royal vestments , he is made to don the coarse cloth of a penitent. In 834 , Louis and Pepin, tired of being under the control of thei r brotherLothar, decide to free their father. On 28 Februar y, they succeed in freeing their father and in August in Bl ois, Lothar swears to Louis LePieux, that he would never le ave Italy except by his direct command. Throughout 834, th e Normands -- Danes, Swedes and Norwegians -- resumetheir r aids. On 28 February 835, the General Assembly proclaims th at Louis was innocent of all previous accusations thus clea ring the way for him to be re-established as Emperor on th e Throne at Saint-Stephen of Metz.

In 837, thanks to the intercessions of Judith, Charles "L e Chauve", receives a Kingdom composed of Frisia, between t he Seine, the Meuse andthe sea and in September 838, he rec eives the crown at Quierzy-sur-Oise. In 838, Marseille is d evastated by the Sarrasins. On 30 May 839, the Empire is di vided in half, with Lothar taking the East, and Charles' la nds extend through Provence, Lyon, Toul and Geneva and al l the lands of the West. Louis "the German", gets to keep o nly Bavaria. Marriedin 819: Judith de Baviere (3628), daugh ter of Welf II, Count de Baviere and Egilwich=Heilwig, Abbe ss de Challes ; Louis married Judith uponthe death of his f irst wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles i n 823. It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jac ob was of his Benjamin. Died: on 22 Jun 840 in Ingelheim, G ermany, at age 61 In 840, while attempting to keep Louis "t he German" in line, Louis "Le Pieux" is taken ill in Salz . Feeling near death, he sends Lothar his sword and the cro wn on the condition that he would be loyal to Judith and ab ide by the lands division agreed to in Worms in 839. He die d on an island, near Ingelheim on 22 June. 309. Judith de B aviere (Andre Roux: Scrolls, 191.)

Married Name: de France. Born: circa 800 in Altdorf, Bavari a, daughter of Welf II, Count de Baviere (3626) and Egilwic h=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes . Married in 819: Louis I, Kin g de France, son of Charlemagne,Rex Francorum et Langobardo rum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau ; Louis married Judi th upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore h im a son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was a s fond of Charles as Jacob was of his Benjamin. Died: on 1 9 Apr 843 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France.
NAME: FORMAT Custom
NAME: DISPLAY Louis I Holy Roman Emperor
FORMAT Custom
SOURCES @source11885@, @source11889@
POSITION -1020,600
Z 120
GENOMAP old stuff
BOUNDARYRECT -1057,633,-983,539
DEAT: DISPOSITION
PLAC Aachen Cathedral
_XREF @place01362@
ISDEAD Y
OCCUPATIONS @occu00020@
HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_the_Pious

• Married: Abt 794 in Pruem, Rheinland, Preussen ³
• Sealing Spouse: 10 Jun 2000 in FRESN - Fresno California
• Event: Alt. Marriage Alt. Marriage Bef 794
• Event: Alt. Marriage Alt. Marriage 794
• Note: France ²³
• Event: Alt. Marriage Alt. Marriage 798
• Note: ,France ^{17 24 25}
• Change Date: 31 Mar 2011

1. Louis Ludwig Franken De Germanique b: 806 in Germany
2. Arnulf De Sens b: 794
3. Lothar Lothaire Or Lotharius Franken De Italy b: 795 in Aix-La-Chapelle, France
4. Pepin Aquitaine b: 797 in Germany
5. Matilda Of France b: Bef 818
6. Hildegarde Franken De Aquitaine b: 800 in Of, France
7. Rotrud De France Martel b: 800 in France
8. Adelaide Or Adelheid Of France Martel b: Abt 818 in Tours, Indre-Et-Loire, France
9. Mathilda Carolingian b: Abt 812

• Married: 819 in Aix La Chapelle, Austrasia ^{16 3}
• Note:

  [charles the III.ged]
  
  819

• Event: Alt. Marriage Alt. Marriage Feb 819 ^{17 26 27}
• Change Date: 31 Mar 2011

1. Charles Carolingian Martel b: 13 Jun 823 in Frankfurt-Am-Maine, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia c: 23 Jun 823
2. Giselle Of France Franken Martel b: 820 in Frankfurt, Hesse Nassau, France
3. Adbelahide (Adelheid) Of France b: Abt 824 in Tours, France

• Married: Not Married
• Change Date: 2 Dec 2006

1. Hugo L'abbe b: 800 in Austrasia

• Married: Not Married
• Change Date: 2 Dec 2006

1. Arnulf, Count Of Sens b: 794
2. Alpais Franken Martel b: Abt 795 in France
3. Arnould, The Bastard Of France b: Abt 800 in France

1. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
   Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to A merica before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlem agne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
   Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis
   Publication: Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1992
   
   7th edition, with Additions and Corrections by Walter L. Sh eppard, Jr. Assisted by David Faris.
   
   Formerly Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to Ne w England Between 1623 and 1650
   Note:
   TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who cam e to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, C harlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and som e of their descendants
   
   7th Edition, with additions and corrections by Walter LeeAB BR Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists
   Citations without the word "page" are Line number-Person nu mber.
   
   Source: Bibliography for Research in British and Continenta l Royal and Noble Lineages and Heraldry | First published in 1950, this cla ssic impr
   Page: 146:14
   Quality: 3
   Text: QUAY 3
2. Abbrev: The Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia
   Title: The Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia
   Author: David Crystal
   Publication: Cambridge University Press, New York, 1995
   Repository:
   Name: Cheryl Varner Library
   Gray Court, SC
   
   Page: p. 585
   Quality: 3
3. Abbrev: charles the III.ged
   Title: charles the III.ged
   Repository:
   Name: Not Given
   
   Text: Date of Import: Oct 15, 2006
4. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
   Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to A merica before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlem agne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
   Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis
   Publication: Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1992
   
   7th edition, with Additions and Corrections by Walter L. Sh eppard, Jr. Assisted by David Faris.
   
   Formerly Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to Ne w England Between 1623 and 1650
   Note:
   TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who cam e to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, C harlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and som e of their descendants
   
   7th Edition, with additions and corrections by Walter LeeAB BR Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists
   Citations without the word "page" are Line number-Person nu mber.
   
   Source: Bibliography for Research in British and Continenta l Royal and Noble Lineages and Heraldry | First published in 1950, this cla ssic impr
   Page: 140-14
   Quality: 3
   Text: QUAY 3
5. Abbrev: The Plantagenet Ancestry
   Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry
   Author: Turton, William Harry
   Publication: DSO Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore, 1984, 1993
   Page: p. 8, 171
   Quality: 3
6. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
   Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to A merica before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlem agne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
   Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis
   Publication: Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1992
   
   7th edition, with Additions and Corrections by Walter L. Sh eppard, Jr. Assisted by David Faris.
   
   Formerly Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to Ne w England Between 1623 and 1650
   Note:
   TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who cam e to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, C harlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and som e of their descendants
   
   7th Edition, with additions and corrections by Walter LeeAB BR Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists
   Citations without the word "page" are Line number-Person nu mber.
   
   Source: Bibliography for Research in British and Continenta l Royal and Noble Lineages and Heraldry | First published in 1950, this cla ssic impr
   Page: 148-14
   Quality: 3
   Text: QUAY 3
7. Abbrev: The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa
   Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Phili ppa
   Author: Moriarity, George Andrew
   Publication: Morman Pioneer Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, 1985
   Page: p. 5
   Quality: 3
8. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
   Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to A merica before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlem agne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
   Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis
   Publication: Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1992
   
   7th edition, with Additions and Corrections by Walter L. Sh eppard, Jr. Assisted by David Faris.
   
   Formerly Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to Ne w England Between 1623 and 1650
   Note:
   TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who cam e to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, C harlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and som e of their descendants
   
   7th Edition, with additions and corrections by Walter LeeAB BR Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists
   Citations without the word "page" are Line number-Person nu mber.
   
   Source: Bibliography for Research in British and Continenta l Royal and Noble Lineages and Heraldry | First published in 1950, this cla ssic impr
   Page: 144A-14
   Quality: 3
   Text: QUAY 3
9. Abbrev: Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia
   Title: Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia
   Author: Bram, Leon L. V.P. and Ed. Dir.; Dickey, Norma H. Editor-in -Chief
   Publication: Funk & Wagnalls, Inc., 1986
   Repository:
   Name: Cheryl Varner Library
   Gray Court, SC
10. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
    Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to A merica before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlem agne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
    Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis
    Publication: Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1992
    
    7th edition, with Additions and Corrections by Walter L. Sh eppard, Jr. Assisted by David Faris.
    
    Formerly Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to Ne w England Between 1623 and 1650
    Note:
    TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who cam e to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, C harlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and som e of their descendants
    
    7th Edition, with additions and corrections by Walter LeeAB BR Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists
    Citations without the word "page" are Line number-Person nu mber.
    
    Source: Bibliography for Research in British and Continenta l Royal and Noble Lineages and Heraldry | First published in 1950, this cla ssic impr
    Page: 182-5
    Quality: 3
    Text: QUAY 3
11. Abbrev: The Timetables of History
    Title: The Timetables of History
    Author: Grun, Bernard
    Publication: Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, 1982
    Repository:
    Name: Cheryl Varner Library
    Gray Court, SC
12. Abbrev: The Oxford History of Medieval Europe
    Title: The Oxford History of Medieval Europe
    Author: Holmes, George, ed.
    Publication: Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 1992
    Repository:
    Name: Cheryl Varner Library
    Gray Court, SC
13. Abbrev: Leaders & Landmarks in European History, Volume II: The Middle Ages
    Title: Leaders & Landmarks in European History, Volume II: The Mid dle Ages
    Author: Moncrieff, A.R. Hope; Chaytor, The Rev. H.J., M.A..
    Publication: The Gresham Publishing Company, London, 1913
    Repository:
    Name: Cheryl Varner Library
    Gray Court, SC
    
    Page: p. 232
    Quality: 3
14. Abbrev: Directory of Royal Genealogical Data
    Title: Directory of Royal Genealogical Data
    Author: Brian Tompsett, Dept of Computer Science, University of Hul l, Hull UK HU6 7RX
    Publication: http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/
15. Abbrev: Universal Standard Encyclopedia
    Title: Universal Standard Encyclopedia
    Author: Joseph laffan Morse, Editor in Cheif
    Publication: Standard Reference Works Publishing Company, Inc., New York ; Wilfred Funk, Inc., 1956; "An abridgement of The New Fun k & Wagnalls Encyclopedia"
16. Abbrev: Royalty for Commoners
    Title: Royalty for Commoners
    Author: Stuart, Roderick W.
    Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co.
    Note:
    ABBR Royalty for Commoners
    NS386753
    
    Source Media Type: Book
17. Abbrev: Directory of Royal Genealogical Data
    Title: Directory of Royal Genealogical Data
    Author: Tompsett, Brian
    Note:
    TITL Directory of Royal Genealogical Data ABBR Directory of Royal G enealogical Data
    http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/
18. Abbrev: Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants, Vol. I
    Title: Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants , Vol. I
    Author: von Redlich, Marcellus Donald Alexander R.
    Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1986
19. Abbrev: Directory of Royal Genealogical Data
    Title: Directory of Royal Genealogical Data
    Author: Tompsett, Brian
    Note:
    TITL Directory of Royal Genealogical Data ABBR Directory of Royal G enealogical Data
    http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/
    Page: 30 Apr 840
    Quality: 3
    Text: QUAY 3
20. Abbrev: Dent, Michelle
    Title: "My Childrens Tree," supplied by Dent, 22-2-2009.
    Author: compiled by Michelle Dent [(E-ADDRESS) FOR PRIVATE USE\,]
    Text: CAUTION: Not all facts within have been documented!
    Please, do not take all of them, as so!
    Documentation is being added continously!!
    Please contact me with any questions!
    chipmunk@bright.net
    Comments, corrections, and additions welcome!
    Repository:
    Name: n/a
21. Abbrev: Norman
    Title: "Dickey Stark, Mayberry Laughlin," 22-1-2010.
    Author: compiled by Norman [(E-ADDRESS) FOR PRIVATE USE\,]
    Repository:
    Name: n/a
22. Abbrev: Webster, Robert Edward
    Title: "Families of Webster, Bachman, Van Valkenburg,~," supplie d by Webster, 23-8-2009.
    Author: compiled by Robert Webster [(E-ADDRESS) FOR PRIVATE USE\,]
    Repository:
    Name: n/a
23. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by FrederickLewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
    Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition , by FrederickLewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippar d Jr., 1999
    Note:
    ABBR Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Ed i t i o n , by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter L e e Sh ip pa r d Jr., 1999
    Page: 140-14
    Text: 794/5QUAY 3
24. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
    Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to A merica before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlem agne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
    Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis
    Publication: Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1992
    
    7th edition, with Additions and Corrections by Walter L. Sh eppard, Jr. Assisted by David Faris.
    
    Formerly Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to Ne w England Between 1623 and 1650
    Note:
    TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who cam e to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, C harlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and som e of their descendants
    
    7th Edition, with additions and corrections by Walter LeeAB BR Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists
    Citations without the word "page" are Line number-Person nu mber.
    
    Source: Bibliography for Research in British and Continenta l Royal and Noble Lineages and Heraldry | First published in 1950, this cla ssic impr
    Page: 140-14; m. 794/95
    Text: QUAY 3
25. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by FrederickLewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr.
    Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition , by FrederickLewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippar d Jr.
    Note:
    ABBR Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edi tion, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Ship pard Jr.
    Page: 140-14
    Text: 794/5QUAY 3
26. Abbrev: Crouch Family Heritage Association
    Title: Crouch Family Heritage Association
    Author: John Crouch
    Publication: Crouch Database
    Note:
    http://adams.patriot.net:80/~crouch/cfha/index.html
    Repository:
    Name: Norvan L. Johnson
    178 th st
    Tinley Park, IL 60477
27. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
    Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to A merica before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlem agne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert
    Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis
    Publication: Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1992
    
    7th edition, with Additions and Corrections by Walter L. Sh eppard, Jr. Assisted by David Faris.
    
    Formerly Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to Ne w England Between 1623 and 1650
    Note:
    TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who cam e to America before1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, C harlemagne, Malcom of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and som e of their descendants
    
    7th Edition, with additions and corrections by Walter LeeAB BR Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists
    Citations without the word "page" are Line number-Person nu mber.
    
    Source: Bibliography for Research in British and Continenta l Royal and Noble Lineages and Heraldry | First published in 1950, this cla ssic impr
    Page: 140-14
    Text: QUAY 3