OCCUPATION: Earl of Gloucester and Hertford; 9th Earl of Clare, knighted 14 May 1264; m. (1 ) 1253 Alice dau. of Gui, Sire de COGNAC; m. (2)Westminster Abbey, ca. 30 apr 1290, Joan PLANTAGENET, b. Acre, HolyLand, 1272, d. 23 Apr. 1307. (ALSO states 6th Earl)Fiery red hair, from whence his nickname.

Source: A Baronial Family in Medievil England: The Clares, 1217-1314,Michael Altschul, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1965. p 94:"Gilbert de Clare, the "Red Earl" of Gloucester and Hertford, was after Simon de Montfort the single most important figure in the later stages of the baronial opposition to Henry III. From his father Earl Richard he inherited not only the great Clare estates and lordships in England,Wales, and Ireland, but also a positio n of leadership among the magnates of the realm; and he was destined to play an even more decisive role inthe civil wars which determined the fate of the struggle between king and baron age than his father had played in the initial stages of the movement for reform." From same p 104, 107-108: "The victory at Lewes [over Henry III, 14 May 1264] marked the high point of Simon deMontfort's fortunes. Ominously, a number of Simon's supporters deserted him, in cluding the Earl of Gloucester. (P) Gilbert's defection proved the decisive factor in the si tuation. The chroniclers record a long listof grievances, and the chancery records bear at least some of them out.He had become increasingly dissatisfied with Simon's regime and reproached the earl for his supposed autocratic rule. He was jealous of the position the earl's s ons held in the government. He quarreled with Simon over the control of royalist castles and manors, and the exchange of prisoners. He objected to the use of foreign knights in import antcastles and the failure to expel all the aliens from court. His supportfor Simon had not been unqualified, as the letter written in the winter of 1263-64 had shown. A combination of grievances thus drove him intoopposition." From same, p 108-110: "Simon [de Montfort ] took [Lord] Edward and Henry [III] with him to the west, and encamped at Hereford until May 24 [1265]. Attempted negotiations proved fruitless, for Gilbert had already worked out a plan with Edward and Roger Mortimer which would seal Simon's fate. On May 28, with the assistance of Thomasde Clare, Earl Gilbert's younger brother, Edward managed an escape. He joined forces with [Roger] Mortimer at Wigmore, and the next day Gilbert joined them in Ludlow. Wykes, perhaps the best informed chronicler of this period, records an important set of conditions that Earl Gilbert demanded as the price of his support. The earl made Edward swear a solemn oath that, if victorious, he would cause the "good old laws" of the realm to be observed ' evil customs would be abolished, aliens banished from the king's council and administration ; and the king would rule with the counsel of his faithful subjects. If Wykes' account of the oath issubstantially correct, it clearly shows that Gilbert remained firmly attracted to t he principles of the Provisions [of Oxford (1258) and Westminster (1259), granted to the baro ns by Henry III but not much adhered to], however vaguely envisioned and conventionally expressed,and to the xenophobia which the movement engendered. If he withdrew his support from Simon, it was not because he was willing, like his father Earl Richard in 1260, to repudiate the Provisions, but because he feltthat Simon did not distinguish between the baronial ideals and his
personal ambition. The cause of reform, in short, was not the exclusive prerogative of the earl of Leicester. (P) The military operations are quickly told. Under the leadership of Edward and Earl Gilbert, the royalists gathered at Gloucester, cutting off Simon's retreat across theSevern at that point. Boldly making his way into the march, Simonrenewed his alliance with Llywelyn in the middle of June. He then went through Monmouth to the borough of Newport in the Clare lordship of Gwynllwg and attempted to cross over to Bristol, but th is plan was foiled when Earl Gilbert destroyed the convoy sent for that purpose. Simon managed to return to Hereford, and tried to join forces with an army led by his son. Edward and Gilbert, however, surprised the younger Simon at Kenilworth in Warwick on August 1, routed his forces, and immediately doubled back to intercept Earl Simon. The earl reached the Worcester manor of Evesham on August 3, but was surrounded by the royalists. The next day battle [of Evesham] was joined. As Simon advanced on a troopled by Roger Mortimer, Earl Gilbert, who commanded the second line, suddenly attacked from the rear. The outcome was less a battle than a slaughter. The only important marcher who fought with Simon, Humphrey de Bohun the younger, was captured and imprisoned at Beeston castle in Cheshire, where he died on October 27. Two other men with marcher affiliations, Henry de Hastings and John fitz John, were also imprisoned. Otherwise the royalists showed no mercy. Simon deMontfort, his son Henry, his loyal friend Peter de Montfort the elder,the justiciar Hugh Despenser and many others were slain. King Henryhimself was rescued by Roger Leyburn. The Montfortian experiment was ended. (P) The death of Simon de Montfort did not produce peace. The ferocity with which the royalists had crushed their enemies carried overinto a period of widespread seizures of rebel lands and indiscriminate plundering which produced further turmoil and unrest. In addition , the territorial policy adopted by the restored royal government provoked those supporters of Earl Simon still at large into guerilla operations which turned into full-scale warfare and prevented a final pacification of the kingdom until the end of 1267. In this period the actions of Gilbert de Clare again proved decisive. His support for the disinherited rebels was a major factor in the establishment of internal order following the two years of continued civil strife which constituted the aftermath of the battle of Evesham."

From same, p 120-121: "The most striking feature of Gilbert de Clare's role in the later stages of the baronial movement is its consistency.The Red Earl's shifting allegiance was a sign not of vaillation but of independence. He was the moderating force against the extremes of both the royalist and the Montfortian sides. He was attracted to the baronial movement as a whole, but even more than his father Earl Richard, he drew the crucial distinction between its policies and the great earl whose name is inseparably associated with the movement. Earl Gilbert was not convinced that Simon de Montfort's actions were always and indisputably right, and he withdrew his support when he felt that Simon's regime was no better in its way than King Henry's had been. His adherence to the
royalists, however, was no less qualified. W hen two years of continued resistance to the restored government of Henry III produced further social and political unrest, Earl Gilbert's rising proved the decisive factor in restoring unity and tranquillity to the realm. Unlike Earl Richard, Gilbert had not accepted Henry's repudiation of the principles which underlay the Provisions of Oxford and Westminster. His activities, while strongly colored by personal animosities and conditioned by personal interests, nevertheless reveal a continuity of purpose which did much in helping to incorporate those principles into the fabric of the common law and the conduct of monarchy. From same, p 155-156: "On December 7 [1295] he [Gilbert] died at Edmund of Lancaster's castle of Monmouth , and was buried two weeks later at Tewkesbury Abbey. Most of the chroniclers merely noted his death without further comment,although an interpolation in the chronicle of Walter of Guisborough refers, in rather conventional fashion, to the earl's military prowess and staunch defense of his rights. The Red Earl's last years were spentunder the shadow of Edward I's domination, and his stormy career ended in dispirited humiliation. Perhaps the soundest judgment is that contained in the otherwise undistinguished Osnay chronicle. In referring to the earl's marriage to Joan of Acre in 1290, the chronicler calls Gilbert the greatest of the magnates of the realm in nobility andeminence, and incomparably the most powerful man in the kin gdom -- next to the king. Later events proved that the chronicler's qualification was more significant than he could have realized at the time." From same, p41-42: "Taken as a whole , the Clare family represents what might be termed one of the most successful joint enterprises in medieval Englishhistory. More than two centuries of steady territorial growth raised the family to a position of pre-eminence in the ranks of the higher nobility. The major factors in this development in the twelfth century were undoubtedly royal favor and shrewdly chosen marriages. The Clares prospered from their intimate connections with successive ruler s of England, and the male members of the house were rewarded with a series of important fiefs and well-placed ladies. The power and prestige of the family reached their highest level in the thirteenth century and the fortunes of its members help illuminate almost every aspect of the social and political life of the English baronage in this period."

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: May 1263 the young Earl ofGloucester led an Arm y west & captured the Bishop of Hereford, the mosthated of the foreign advisors to Henry II I then left after the expulsionof the de Lusignans. He threw the Bishop into prison, laid s iege to theroyal castle at Gloucester, where de Montfort assumed command. The armythen wen t north to Bridgenorth, where they coordinated their attack withLlywelyn ap Gruffydd; the tw on & castle surrendered. de Montfort thenheaded south for London, where a panicked Henry to ok refuge in theTower. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Prince Edward ofSimo n de Montfort's forces crippled Simon's forces. Northamptondefenses had been allowed to dec ay in the years previous to deMontfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to t hetreachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowedhis army to hav e their sport on the town, culminating in utterdestruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inha bitants. Some 80 barons &knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defea ttouched off a riot in London on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainlyJews, were slain. Si r Hugh le Despenser, Simon's Justicialar & ThomasFitzThomas, Mayor of London, attempted to c ontrol the crowds & savedsome lives by offering sanctuary in the Tower. FitzThomas then beg gedSimon to return to London to quell the Londoners' fear. In May 1264Edward looted land s of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, after helost Tutbury Castle, Derby defected fro m Simon's support. King Henrymeanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Cla reattacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town whenEdward approached L ondon so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry &Edward were practicing fierce cruelty b y chopping off the nads & feet ofall common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. Th e Cinque Ports& Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward'scommand fo r a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward tookGilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle . Simon continued to hold London,but is surrounded by Edward & Henry. Gilbert lets his me n loose on theCanterbury Jews using as a weak (& unproven) excuse that they were inleague w ith the King. de Clare had a fairly long histroy of intensehatred for Jews. On the eve of t he Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, afterHenry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of Londo n & Worcester(Walter de Cabntelou) to negotiate, de Clare followed Simon de Montfort'slea d & formally renounced all allegiance to King Henry. With Robert deVere, the Earl of Oxford , de Clare had the most to lose of any of therebel supporters. In late July, he joined force s with Montfort &Llywelyn ap Gruffydd & put down a rebellion of the Welsh Marcher Lords,inc luding Roger de Mortimer. In October 1264 he was excommunicated byPapal edict along with ot her Montfort supporters & Simon himself;however, the sentecne of anathema was not practice d by the EnglishChurch. Clare had an extremely prickly sense of pride, & held a mixtureof r ancor toward Montfort's sons & jealosy of Montfort himself, both ofhis acclaim & his persona l popularity with the people. Clare also couldhave split because of his intense anti-Jewis h sentiment & Montfort'srefusal to condone pogroms, etc. In November 1264, Clare had the lat estof many quarrels with Montfort's son Bran de Montfort, but this onespilled bad blood fo r the first time over to Gilbert's brother Thomas deClare too. Before Nov 1264, Montfort awa rded his sons several lucrativeappointments; when Clare complained he was brushed off by Mon tfort.Although after Lewes Clare received the lands of John de Warenne, Williamde Lusigna n & Peter de Savoie, but Montfort rejected his demand for theransom of Richard of Cornwall ( despite the Mise of Lewes proclaiming noransoms to be paid for prisoners from the battle). M ontfort called aParliament January 1265; at this Parliament Montfort had a very publicclas h with Clare; Clare withdrew to his estates on the Welsh Marches.Clare was harboring Marche r Lords in violation of the governmentexpulsion edict. Clare was grieved at Montfort's unil ateral appointmentof his son Amaury as treasurer of York & when in late 1264 Montfortarrest ed the Earl of Derby & threw him into the Tower of London forwanton lawlessness, extortio n & plundering of his neighbors. Many lords,while not feeling sorry for Derby, felt this se t a dangerous precedent.Lord paid for political transgressions; not criminal ones. By April/ May1265, Simon & Clare had supposedly patched up a peace again, but Clarewas only stallin g for time in order to free Prince Edward from thecustody of Henry de Montfort & Robert de R os. Edward had again playedhis cousin Henry for the fool, gradually getting Henry to trus t him &allow him more freedom. While Clare made a visit to King Henry to make afalse oat h of fealty to the King & Simon's government, he engineeredRoger de Mortimer's rescue of Edw ard from Henry de Montfort to Wigmorecastle in May 1265. Gilbert almost goes to war with Rog er de Mortimerover the lands of Humphrey de Bohun, who died in captivity soon afterEvesha m (Aug 4 1265). Gilbert was as uneasy in his new alliance withEdward as he had been formerl y with Simon; he simmered until April 1267he siezed London. He held London for two months un til he was able tonegotiate an amnesty with Henry. His wife (they shared a mutual hatred for one another) tried to warn her uncle King Henry of Gilbert's intentionbut he did not belie ve her until it was too late.

Gilbert de Clare, surnamed the Red, 7th Earl of Hertford and 3rd Earl ofGloucester, who, b y the king's procurement, m. in 1257, Alice, dau. ofGuy, Earl of Angoulme, and niece of th e king of France, which monarchbestowed upon the lady a marriage portion of 5,000 marks. Thi s nobleman,who, like his predecessors, was zealous in the cause of the barons,proceeded t o London immediately after the defeat sustained by theinsurrectionary lords at Northampton ( 48th Henry III) [1264], in orderto rouse the citizens, which, having effected, he received t he honour ofknighthood from Montfort, Earl of Leicester, at the head of the army atLewes; o f which army, his lordship, with John Fitz-John and William deMontchensi, commanded the seco nd brigade, and having mainly contributedto the victory in which the king and prince becam e prisoners, while thewhole power of the realm fell into the hands of the victors, the ear lprocured a grant under the great seal of all the lands and possessionslying in England o f John de Warren, Earl of Surrey, one of the mostfaithful adherents of the king, excepting t he castles of Riegate andLewes, to hold during the pleasure of the crown, and he soon after , withsome of the principal barons, extorted from the captive monarch acommission authorizi ng Stephen, then bishop of Chichester, SimonMontford, Earl of Leicester, and himself, to nom inate nine persons of"the most faithful, prudent, and most studious of the public weal," a swell prelates as others, to manage all things according to the laws andcustoms of the real m until the consultations at Lewes should terminate.Being jealous, however, of the power o f Leicester, the earl soon afterabandoned the baronial cause and, having assisted in procuri ng theliberty of the king and prince, commanded the second brigade of the royalarm at the b attle of Evesham, which restored the kingly power to itsformer lustre. In reward of these em inent services he received a fullpardon for himself and his brother Thomas of all prior trea sons, and thecustody of the castle of Bergavenny during the minority of Maud, wife ofHumphr ey de Bohun. His lordship veered again though in his allegianceand he does not appear to hav e been sincerely reconciled to the royalcause until 1270, in which year, demanding from Prin ce Edward repaymentof the expenses he had incurred at the battle of Evesham, with livery o fall the castles and lands which his ancestors had possessed and, thosedemands having bee n complied with, he thenceforward became a good andloyal subject of the crown. Upon the deat h of King Henry, the Earl ofHertford and Gloucester was one of the lords who met at the Ne w Templein London to proclaim Prince Edward, then in the Holy Land, successor tothe crown , and so soon as the new monarch returned to England, hislordship was the first to entertai n him and his whole retinue with greatmagnificence for several days at his castle of Tonebru ge. In the 13thEdward I [1285], his lordship divorced his wife Alice, the Frenchprincess, a nd in consideration of her illustrious birth, granted for hersupport during her life, six ex tensive manors and parks, and he m. in1289, Joan of Acre, dau. of King Edward I, upon whic h occasion he gaveup the inheritance of his castles and manors, as well in England as iWale s, to his royal father-in-law, to dispose of as he might thinkproper; which manors, &c., wer e entailed by the king upon the earl'sissue by the said Joane, and in default, upon her heir s and assigns,should she survive the lordship. By this lady he had issue, Gilbert, hissucce ssor, Alianore, Margaret, and Elizabeth. His lordship d. in 1295,and the Countess Joan survi ving, m. a "plain esquire," called Ralph deMonthermer, clandestinely, without the king, he r father's, knowledge,but to which alliance he was reconciled through the intercession of Anthony Beke, the celebrated bishop of Durham, and became eventually muchattached to his now s on-in-law. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and ExtinctPeerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, p p. 119-120, Clare, Lords ofClare, Earls of Hertford, Earls of Gloucester]

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Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester (1243-1295), 8th earl of Gloucesterand 9th earl of Clar e, was born at Christchurch, Hampshire, on Sept. 2,1243. He married Alice of Angoulme, niec e of king Henry III, succeededhis father in July 1262, and joined the baronial party led b y Simon deMontfort. With Simon, Gloucester was at the battle of Lewes in May 1264,when th e king himself surrendered to him, and after this victory he wasone of the three persons sel ected to nominate a council. Soon, however,he quarreled with Simon. Leaving London for his l ands on the Welshborder he met Prince Edward, afterward king Edward I, at Ludlow, justafte r his escape from captivity; and contributed largely to the prince'svictory at Evesham in Au gust 1265. But this alliance was as transitoryas the one with Leicester, Gloucester champion ed the barons who hadsurrendered at Kenilworth in November and December 1266, and after putting his demands before the king, secured possession of London (April1267). The earl quickl y made his peace with Henry III and with PrinceEdward. Under Edward I he spent several year s in fighting in Wales, oron the Welsh border; in 1289 when the barons were asked for a subs idy hereplied on their behalf that they would grant nothing until they saw theking in perso n (nihi prius personaliter viderent in Anglia faciemregis), and in 1291 he was fined and imp risoned on account of levyingprivate war on Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford. Having divo rced hiswife Alice, he married in 1290 Edward's daughter Joan, or Johanna (d.1307). The "Re d Earl," as he is sometimes called, died at Monmouth onDec. 7, 1295, leaving, in addition t o three daughters, a son, Gilbert,earl of Gloucester, killed at Bannockburn. [Encyclopaedi a Britannica,1961 ed., Vol. 10, p. 434, GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF.]

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3d Earl of Gloucester and 7th Earl of Hertford One of the greatest of theClares was Gilber t de Clare, 9th earl of Clare, 7th earl of Hertford,and 6th earl of Gloucester (1243-95), kn own as the Red Earl. A leader ofthe barons in the early stages of the Barons' War against Ki ng HenryIII, he deserted the baronial side in 1265, thus helping to ensure aroyal victory a t the Battle of Evesham. Two years later he changed sidesagain, captured London, and force d the king to accept a negotiatedsettlement. In 1290 he married Joan of Acre, a daughter o f Henry'ssuccessor, King Edward I. When Gilbert de Clare, 10th earl of Clare(1291-1314), di ed childless, the male line of the Clares came to an end.His sister, Elizabeth de Clare (129 1?-1360), founded Clare College atthe University of Cambridge.

"Clare (family)," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1997Microsoft Corporatio n. All rights reserved.

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3d Earl of Gloucester and 7th Earl of HertfordOne of the greatest of theClares was Gilbert d e Clare, 9th earl of Clare, 7th earl of Hertford,and 6th earl of Gloucester (1243-95), know n as the Red Earl. A leader ofthe barons in the early stages of the Barons' War against Kin g HenryIII, he deserted the baronial side in 1265, thus helping to ensure aroyal victory a t the Battle of Evesham. Two years later he changed sidesagain, captured London, and force d the king to accept a negotiatedsettlement. In 1290 he married Joan of Acre, a daughter o f Henry'ssuccessor, King Edward I. When Gilbert de Clare, 10th earl of Clare(1291-1314), di ed childless, the male line of the Clares came to an end.His sister, Elizabeth de Clare (129 1?-1360), founded Clare College atthe University of Cambridge.

"Clare (family)," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1997Microsoft Corporatio n. All rights reserved.

***********3d Earl of Gloucester and 7th Earl of HertfordOne of thegreatest of the Clares was Gilbert de Clare, 9th earl of Clare, 7th earlof Hertford, and 6th earl of Gloucester (1243-95), known as the Red Earl.A leader of the barons in the early stages of the Barons' War againstKing Henry III, he deserted the baronial side in 1265, thus helping toensure a royal victory at the Battle of Evesham. Two years later hechanged sides again, captured London, and forced the king to accept anegotiated settlement. In 1290 he married Joan of Acre, a daughter ofHenry's successor, King Edward I. When Gilbert de Clare, 10th earl ofClare (1291-1314), died childless, the male line of the Clares came to anend. His sister, Elizabeth de Clare (1291?-1360), founded Clare Collegeat the University of Cambridge.
"Clare (family)," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1997Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

*************ALIAS: 6th Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, Gilbert de Clare, 09th Lord of /Clare/, Gilbert de Clare

Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, d. 7 Dec 1295; m. (2) 1290 Joan Plantagenet, b. Acre 1272, d. Clare, Suffolk 23 Apr 1307, daughter of Edward I, King of England and Eleanor Castile. [Magna Charta Sureties]
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HOLDERS OF THE HONOUR OF CLARE (IX) 1262

GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF GLOUCESTER AND HERTFORD, also Lord of Clare, &c., son and heir, born 2 September 1243. he married, as his 2nd wife, 30 April 1290, Joan [of Acre], 3rd daughter of Edward I. he died 7 December 1295, and was buried at Tewkesbury. His widow was buried 1307, in the Friary Church at Clare. [Complete Peerage III:244, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

EARLDOM OF HERTFORD (VI) 1262

GILBERT DE CLARE, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, also Lord of Clare, son and heir. He d. 1295. [Complete Peerage VI:503]

EARLDOM OF GLOUCESTER (VI) 1262

GILBERT DE CLARE, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, "the Red Earl", son and heir, b. 2 Sep 1243, at Christchurch, Hants, being under age at his father's death, was a ward of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. On 22 Mar 1262/3 he refused to take the oath of allegiance to Prince Edward, and in May acted with Montfort in the Oxford Parliament, and became recognised as one of the leaders in the Baron's party. The fruits of the honour of Clare were granted to him 8 Jul 1263, and on 3 Aug, though yet under age, the King having taken his homage, he had livery of his lands in Wales, livery of the rest of his lands being given 24 Sep 1264, he being then of age. . . .

The Earl m. 1stly, in the spring of 1253, Alice (cont. dated 2 Feb 1252/3), daughter of Hugh de Lusignan (le Brun), Count of la Marche and Angouleme (uterine brother of Henry III), by Yolande, daughter of Pierre Mauclerk, Duke of Brittany. She, who is said to have become hypochondriacal, procured a divorce from her husband, judgement being given at Norwich 18 Jul 1271. He m. 2ndly, in 1290, Joan of Acre, daughter of Edward I, by Eleanor of Castile. On this marriage the Earl surrendered the greater part of his estates to the King, who regranted them to Gilbert and Joan and their issue, with other remainders. He d. at Monmouth Castle, 7, and was buried 22 Dec 1295, at Tewkesbury, on the left side of his grandfather Gilbert. On 20 Jan 1295/6 his widow was given livery of all her lands. [Complete Peerage V:702-8]
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Gilbert de Clare, surnamed the Red, 7th Earl of Hertford and 3rd Earl of Gloucester, who, by the king's procurement, m. in 1257, Alice, dau. of Guy, Earl of AngoulÅe, and niece of the king of France, which monarch bestowed upon the lady a marriage portion of 5,000 marks. This nobleman, who, like his predecessors, was zealous in the cause of the barons, proceeded to London immediately after the defeat sustained by the insurrectionary lords at Northampton (48th Henry III) [1264], in order to rouse the citizens, which, having effected, he received the honour of knighthood from Montfort, Earl of Leicester, at the head of the army at Lewes; of which army, his lordship, with John Fitz-John and William de Montchensi, commanded the second brigade, and having mainly contributed to the victory in which the king and prince became prisoners, while the whole power of the realm fell into the hands of the victors, the earl procured a grant under the great seal of all the lands and possessions lying in England of John de Warren, Earl of Surrey, one of the most faithful adherents of the king, excepting the castles of Riegate and Lewes, to hold during the pleasure of the crown, and he soon after, with some of the principal barons, extorted from the captive monarch a commission authorizing Stephen, then bishop of Chichester, Simon Montford, Earl of Leicester, and himself, to nominate nine persons of "the most faithful, prudent, and most studious of the public weal," as well prelates as others, to manage all things according to the laws and customs of the realm until the consultations at Lewes should terminate. Being jealous, however, of the power of Leicester, the earl soon after abandoned the baronial cause and, having assisted in procuring the liberty of the king and prince, commanded the second brigade of the royal arm at the battle of Evesham, which restored the kingly power to its former lustre. In reward of these eminent services he received a full pardon for himself and his brother Thomas of all prior treasons, and the custody of the castle of Bergavenny during the minority of Maud, wife of Humphrey de Bohun. His lordship veered again though in his allegiance and he does not appear to have been sincerely reconciled to the royal cause until 1270, in which year, demanding from Prince Edward repayment of the expenses he had incurred at the battle of Evesham, with livery of all the castles and lands which his ancestors had possessed and, those demands having been complied with, he thenceforward became a good and loyal subject of the crown. Upon the death of King Henry, the Earl of Hertford and Gloucester was one of the lords who met at the New Temple in London to proclaim Prince Edward, then in the Holy Land, successor to the crown, and so soon as the new monarch returned to England, his lordship was the first to entertain him and his whole retinue with great magnificence for several days at his castle of Tonebruge. In the 13th Edward I [1285], his lordship divorced his wife Alice, the French princess, and in consideration of her illustrious birth, granted for her support during her life, six extensive manors and parks, and he m. in 1289, Joan of Acre, dau. of King Edward I, upon which occasion he gave up the inheritance of his castles and manors, as well in England as i Wales, to his royal father-in-law, to dispose of as he might think proper; which manors, &c., were entailed by the king upon the earl's issue by the said Joane, and in default, upon her heirs and assigns, should she survive the lordship. By this lady he had issue, Gilbert, his successor, Alianore, Margaret, and Elizabeth. His lordship d. in 1295, and the Countess Joan surviving, m. a "plain esquire," called Ralph de Monthermer, clandestinely, without the king, her father's, knowledge, but to which alliance he was reconciled through the intercession of Anthony Beke, the celebrated bishop of Durham, and became eventually much attached to his now son-in-law. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, pp. 119-120, Clare, Lords of Clare, Earls of Hertford, Earls of Gloucester]
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Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester (1243-1295), 8th earl of Gloucester and 9th earl of Clare, was born at Christchurch, Hampshire, on Sept. 2, 1243. He married Alice of AngoulÅe, niece of king Henry III, succeeded his father in July 1262, and joined the baronial party led by Simon de Montfort. With Simon, Gloucester was at the battle of Lewes in May 1264, when the king himself surrendered to him, and after this victory he was one of the three persons selected to nominate a council. Soon, however, he quarreled with Simon. Leaving London for his lands on the Welsh border he met Prince Edward, afterward king Edward I, at Ludlow, just after his escape from captivity; and contributed largely to the prince's victory at Evesham in August 1265. But this alliance was as transitory as the one with Leicester, Gloucester championed the barons who had surrendered at Kenilworth in November and December 1266, and after putting his demands before the king, secured possession of London (April 1267). The earl quickly made his peace with Henry III and with Prince Edward. Under Edward I he spent several years in fighting in Wales, or on the Welsh border; in 1289 when the barons were asked for a subsidy he replied on their behalf that they would grant nothing until they saw the king in person (nihi prius personaliter viderent in Anglia faciem regis), and in 1291 he was fined and imprisoned on account of levying private war on Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford. Having divorced his wife Alice, he married in 1290 Edward's daughter Joan, or Johanna (d. 1307). The "Red Earl," as he is sometimes called, died at Monmouth on Dec. 7, 1295, leaving, in addition to three daughters, a son, Gilbert, earl of Gloucester, killed at Bannockburn. [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1961 ed., Vol. 10, p. 434, GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF.]

***************6th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester. He was known as "the Red." He was under age at his fathers death and was a ward of Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford. On March 22, `262/63, he refused to take the oath of allegaince to Prince Edward, and in May acted with Montfort in the Oxford Parliament, becoming recognized as one of the leaders of the baronss party. In April, 1264, he led the massacre of the Jews at Catnerbury, as Simon de Montfort had done in London. His castles of Kingston and Tonbridge were taken by the King, who, however, allowed his wife to go free because she was his niece. On May 12, 1264, he and Montfort were denounced as traitors. He was knighted by Simon de Montfort on the eve of the battle of Lewes, May 14, 1264, in which Henry III was defeated. Gilbert commanded the second line and took the King prisoner, hamstrung his horse. As Prince Edward had also been captured Montfort and the earl were supreme. Montfort and his associates, including Gilbert, were excommunicated by the papal legate and their lands placed under an interdict on October 20, 1264. In February, 1264/65, he and Simon de Montfort the younger were to meet in a tournament, but the elder Montfort prohibited it, and his interference apparently brought to a head dissessions which, though healed from time to time, were becoming more and more acute. On the following May 12, Gilbert and Montfort were supposedly reconciled, but a few days later Gilbert tried to sieze the King and Montfort when they were on their way to Hereford. On May 26 the Prince escaped from Montfort and met the earl at Ludlow, where he swore to observe the good old laws. In the following month, by which time they had gained possession of Gloucester and Bristol, the earl and Prince were proclaimed to be rebels. They at once entered on an active campaign, the earl, in order to prevent Montforts escape, destroying the ships at Bristol and the bridge over the Severn. He shared the Princes victory at Kenilworth on July 16, and in the battle of Evesham on August 4, in which Montfort was slain, commanded the second divison and contributed largely to the victory. He was afterwards the champion of the disinherited in their efforts to recover their lands, and he received absolution on October 6, and on October 9 a pardon from the King in light of his services at Evesham. In 1265/66, he accompanied the Prince in his expedition against the Cinque Ports, and when Winchelsea was captured showed mercy to the prisoners. Having withdrawn to his estates in December, he refused to obey the Kings summons to attend him in London on January 5, 1266/67, and was said to be preparing for a private war on Mortimer in the Welsh Marches. When Parliament met at Bury St. Edmunds on January 20, Gilbert disclaimed any intention of warring against the King or Prince, but protested against the delay in removing the aliens and in carrying out the Provisions of Oxford, and he insisted that the lands forfeited by the rebels in the late civil war should be restored on payment of fines. Getting no satisfaction, he withdrew and after collecting his forces made a sudden march on April 8 on London and occupied it. He kept his men under control and allowed no plundering. Peace was made with the King on June 16. On June 24, 1268, he took the cross. He continued to have periodic quarrels and reconciliations with the King. On the death of Henry III on November 16, 1272, Gilbert took the lead in swearing fealty to Edward I. Thereafter he was joint guardian of England during the Kings absence. In December, 1276, he took part in the expedition against Llewelyn. In April, 1282, he was again in Wales, and the campaign ended with the death of Llewelyn and the capture of his brother David. Gilbert was styled captain and warden of south Wales and west Wales. In 1291 his quarrels with the earl of Hereford about Brecknock culminated in a private war between them. Both were imprisoned by the King, and Gilbert, as the aggressor, was fined 10,000 marks. He was the most powerful magnate in the realm from the last years of Henry III until his death in the reign of Edward I. He was buried at Tewkesbury on the right hand of his father.

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• Married: in Eng (MARR YOUNG) ^{7 1 3}

1. Isabella de CLARE b: 10 MAR 1262/1263 in Winchcombe,Gloucester,Eng
2. Joan de CLARE b: BET. 1264 - 1271 in Winchcombe,Gloucester,Eng

• Married: 30 APR 1290 in Westminster Abbey,London,Middlesex,Eng ^{8 9}
• Note:

  Line in Record @F14115@ (MRIN 95) from GEDCOM file not recognized:
  QUAY 3
  
  Line in Record @F14115@ (MRIN 95) from GEDCOM file not recognized:
  EVEN

1. Gilbert II de CLARE b: 10 MAY 1291 in Winchcombe near Tewkesbury,Gloucester,Eng (or 11th)
2. Margaret de CLARE b: OCT 1292 in Caerphilly Castle,Kent,Eng
3. Alianore (Eleanor) de CLARE b: 12 OCT 1292 in Caerphilly Castle,Caerphilly,Glamorganshire,Wales
4. Elizabeth de CLARE b: 16 SEP 1295 in Tewkesbury,Gloucester,Eng

1. Repository:
   
   Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700
   Author: Weiss, Frederick Lewis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard, Jr.
   Publication: 7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992
   Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700
   Note:
   ABBR
   Same ref source as earlier ed, "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists who Came to New England 1623-1650" ed 1-6
   
   good to very good
   Page: 117-30
2. Repository:
   
   Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700
   Author: Weiss, Frederick Lewis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard, Jr.
   Publication: 7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992
   Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700
   Note:
   ABBR
   Same ref source as earlier ed, "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists who Came to New England 1623-1650" ed 1-6
   
   good to very good
   Page: 117-30
   Text: 1243
3. Repository:
   Name: Family History Library - SLC
   Salt Lake City, UT 84150
   
   
   Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom
   Author: Cokayne, George Edward
   Publication: Sutton Publishing Ltd., Gloucestershire, 14 Vols.
   Abbrev: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom
   Page: V:702-8
4. Title: z#1
   Author: Cokayne, George E.
   Publication: Sutton Publishing, Gloucestershire, 2000
   Abbrev: z#1
   Page: V:702-8
5. Repository:
   
   Title: The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215, Fifth Edition
   Author: Frederick Lewis Weis additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr
   Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore 1999
   Abbrev: The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215, Fifth Edition
   Page: 28-4
6. Repository:
   Name: Newberry Library
   
   Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, 5th Ed.
   Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr.
   Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 5th Edition, Baltimore, MD. 1999
   Abbrev: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, 5th Ed.
   Note:
   Full title - 'The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215: The Barons Named in the Magna Charta, 1215 and Some of Their Descendants Who Settled in America During the Early Colonial Years'
   Page: 28-4
7. Title: GEDCOM File : 2746994.ged
   Abbrev: GEDCOM File : 2746994.ged
   Page: 55
   Text: 3 JAN 2004
8. Repository:
   
   Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700
   Author: Weiss, Frederick Lewis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard, Jr.
   Publication: 7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992
   Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700
   Note:
   ABBR
   Same ref source as earlier ed, "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists who Came to New England 1623-1650" ed 1-6
   
   good to very good
   Page: 11-30
   Text: 1290
9. Title: z#1
   Author: Cokayne, George E.
   Publication: Sutton Publishing, Gloucestershire, 2000
   Abbrev: z#1
   Page: 11-30