From Prussian travel document notarized in Trier in 20 Sep 1854, originally from Allenbach, in the Rheinland-Pfalz, immigrating to US in 1854, Johann Friedrich Mueller was born 1 Jun 1826, traveling with his wife Maria Carolina Theis, 25 years old, and two children Friedrich, born 9 Apr 1850 and Carl, born 5 Nov 1852 (see images and translation on my documents page). Their place of origin, Allenbach, is located about 35 miles north of Saarbruecken and 22 miles east of Trier, with a population of about 710 in the year 2006. Allenbach is in the mountanous Hunsruck; an historic mill is in the town (http://www.remus.museum/html/en/museum.php?id=529). Charles II died there on 18 Sep 1675.

Sailing from Le Havre on Ship Annapolis, Johann Mueller arrived in New York City on 11 Dec 1854 (ancestry.com images) with 349 other passangers. His wife Caroline Muller is also listed in the manifest; the children are not listed but assumed to have been on board.

As to his ancestry, he went by the name "Fred Miller" in the US, and, importantly, is listed as "Fred Miller 3rd" in the 1880 census (see below). This fits with the ancestry of a Johann Friedrich Mueller (1801- ) from Wiebelskirchen, Kreis Neunkirchen, in the Saarland, who would be his father. If this lineage is correct, this father had the same name and the grandfather the name Johann Nikolaus Mueller, making him not exactly a "3rd".

1860 US census, Pennsylvania, Luzerne Co., Scranton
Fredr. Miller, 34, laborer, $200, $50, b:Prussia
Caroline Miller, 31, b:Prussia
Fredr. Miller, 10, b:Prussia
Charles Miller, 7, b:Prussia

Naturalized as citizen in City of Scranton, PA, Mayor's Court, on October 6, 1866. Name on naturalization certificate: "John F. Muller", "a native of Germany" (see image at http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~garyscottcollins/).

1867 Scranton Business Directory, entry under category "Grocers", page 369:
Miller Frederick, Willow st.
http://www.scwhitegenealogy.com/1867Scranton/1867Scranton17/1867Scranton369busGr-Ha.html

1870 Scranton Business Directory, entry under category "Grocers, retail":
Miller Fred, Sen, Willow [St], cor[ner of] Pittston Ave.
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~palackaw/directories/businessg.html
entry by surnames:
Miller Fred., Sen., Willow, cor. Pittston ave., h do. [home ditto]
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~palackaw/directories/directorym.html

1870 US census, Pennsylvania, Luzerne Co., Scranton, Ward 11
Fred Miller, 44, grocer, real estate $4000, personal $375, b:Prussia
Caroline Miller, 41, keeping house, b:Prussia
Fred Miller, 20, moulder, b:Prussia
Charles Miller, 17, at home, b;Prussia
Mary Miller, 8, at school, b:PA

1880 US Census household, Scanton [sic], Lackawanna Co., PA, 11th Ward, Willow Street "(houses not numbered)":
Frederick Miller 3rd, (head), b:<1826> Prussia, age 54, Laborer, married, father b:Prussia, mother b:Prussia
Caroline Miller, wife, b:<1829> Prussia, age 51, Keeping House, married, father b:Prussia, mother b:Prussia
John C. Miller, son, b:<1853> Prussia, age 27, Clerk in Store, married, father b:Prussia, mother b;Prussia
Elizabeth Miller, daughter-in-law, b:<1855> PA, age 25, Keeping House, married, father b:Bavaria, mother b:Bavaria
[Note: 'Scranton' mispelled 'Scanton'.]
[Note: head entry is "Miller Fredk 3d", with "3rd" very clearly written, suggesting that his father and grandfather had the same name, Johann Friedrich Mueller.]

Confusing 1890 substitute census entry for wife Caroline, who is listed as widowed (see her entry). However, this disagrees with much other information and apparently refers to a different individual.

1900 US census, Pennsylvania, Lackawanna County, Scranton, 11th Ward, 448 Willow Street, 8 June:
Frederick Miller Sr., head, Jul 1826, 73, widowed, b/fb/mb:Germany, immig 1854, 46 yrs ago
Lizzie Wagner, granddau, Aug 1887, 12, b/fb/mb:PA
[If census entries are correct, then Lizzie Wagner must be granddaughter via Mary Miller.]

Rosalie Woodson Collins asserts the following in an email:
Name: Frederick Miller (Sr. or Jr.) Birthyear of son John Charles: in the 1850's or earlier. Based on the assumption that name was Frederick Miller, Jr., speculative parents are identified.

Possible pedigree believed to be father of same name (see his entry in this file), from ancestry file of Jan Rainer Schulz. This is consistent with assertion above that Frederick Miller was (Sr. or Jr.), and not inconsistent with being listed as Frederick Miller, 3rd in the 1880 census. Since this person and a son both went by the names Frederick (although not full names), He could have been known informally as Fred Sr. and his son Fred Jr.

From will signed Frederick Miller, Sr.(1826-1903), who was born Johann Friedrich Mueller, dated 13 Jan 1903 (received 8 Jan 2007 courtesy of Peggy Miller):
Summary of instructions to executor, Jacob F. Miller:
1. Pay debts and funeral costs.
2. Invest $500 with principal and interest to be given to granddaughter Lizzie Wilhelmine Wagner at age 21.
3. Remaining funds to be distributed: 1/3 each to grandchildren Lizzie Wagner, Caroline Wagner and Henery [sic] Frederick Wagner.
4. Personal effects: 1/3 each to grandchildren Lizzie Wagner, Caroline Wagner and Henry Frederick Wagner.
5. Pittston Avenue real estate that had been deeded to (earlier name) Frederick Miller III: 1/3 each to grandchildren Lizzie Wagner, Caroline Wagner and Henry Frederick Wagner.
6. Real estate jointly owned by John G. Sailor, George J. Breck and Fred Miller, Sr. (known as "Sailor, Miller and Breck Property": 1/3 to go to son Fred Miller, Jr.; 1/3 to be divided equally among grandsons William C. Miller and Theodore F. Miller, children of son John Charles Miller, deceased; and 1/3 to be divided equally among Caroline, Lizzie and Henry Wagner.
6. Book account of debts of $800 owed by son Fred Miller, Jr. to be cancelled.
7. Book account of debts of $175 owed by grandson Fred C. Miller to be cancelled.
Signed Frederick Miller, Sr., 13 January 1903.
Witnessed by Geo Fumr(??) [possibly Fenne?] and Jacob Rang(??) [poor handwriting]
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The will was registered with the Registrar's Office, Lackawanna Co., on 21 Feb 1903 by executor Jacob F. Miller. The document, entitled "Fred Miller Sr. Will", contains the following additional information: "The decedent left to survive him one child, Frederick Miller Jr. and Wm. C. Miller and Theo F. Miller grandchildren, children of John Charles Miller deceased, Caroline Wagner, Lizzie W. Wagner and Henry Frederick Wagner, grandchildren of Maria Wagner, deceased. (grandchildren are all ???." "And also that the whole of the goods, chattels, rights and credits of the estate and effects, for or in respect of which Letters ????? [possibly "ten terms not any" ??] are applied for which he died possessed of, in the aggregate, do not in value exceed the sum of three thousand dollars, to the best of [the executor's] knowledge and belief."
---------------
Appended to the will is a statement "To Henry V. Lawler, Esq., Register for the Probate of Wills and Granting of Letters of Administration for the County of Lackawanna, in the State of Pennsylvania:--
The undersigned, being the residuary legatees and beneficiaries of the above mentioned decedent, who died in the City of Scranton, in the County of Lackawanna and State of Pennsylvania on February 18, 1903, renounce their right to letters of administration d.b.n.c.t.w. on said estate and request you to grant the same to William C. Miller.
Witness our hands and seals this 20th day of January, A.D. 1911.
[Signed]
Fred Miller
Mrs. Elizabeth Wilhelmina Smith
Mrs. Caroline Moore
Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of [signed] August C. Moore."
[The executor, Jacob F. Miller, was not a relative of this Miller family. From census information, he was born in about 1855 in Pennsylvania of parents born in Pennsylvania.]

Pittston Avenue Cemetery, Scranton, PA
http://www.rootsweb.com/~palackaw/forest/pittston5.html
A plot has two entries:
MILLER Frederick, Sr. June 1, 1826 February 18, 1903
Carolina May 8, 1829 April 28, 1900 Wife
The next plot is of his son Frederick and family.

• Married: est 1849

1. John Charles MILLER b: 5 Nov 1852 in West Prussia (modern Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany
2. Frederick W. MILLER b: 9 Apr 1850 in Prussia
3. Maria MILLER b: abt 1862 in Pennsylvania